CHINESE SUPERSTITIONS - University of Oregon

— 383 —
as in China (1). These latter are the Upasaka Dharmalala, and
Hvashan, the Chinese Hwo-shang ^p f,|, or "Monk with the Calico
Bag". The Tibetan list seems to have been borrowed from China (2).
5. The 18 Arhats of K'ien-lung $£ |§. — When K'ien-lung
tt IH visited Hangchow ^ j'\], A.D. 1757, he saw at first the set
of 16 Arhats, but later on, returned, and found that there was also
a group of 18 (3). Having examined it, he perceived that Pindola's
name was repeated twice, and wishing to correct the list, assigned
the 17 th
place to Kasyapa, and the 18 th
Imperial solution was not generally accepted (4).
to Nandimitra. This
6. The Wuwei-chow set of 18. —The Wuwei-chow group of
18 belongs to a later phase of Buddhist evolution. It comprises 7
Hindu names, and 11 Chinese ones. It originated probably at the
close of the Sung 5^, or in the early part of the Yuen jq dynasty,
that is to say about the 13 th
century. This list assigns the 17 lh
place
to Asvagosha, Ma-ming ^ P| ; and the 18 th to the "Monk with the
Calico Bag", Pu-tai hwo-shang ^ ^ fp frf (5). The Illustrations
given in this volume represent the set of 18, as found at the present
day in the Buddhist temple ^
V. Female Arhats.
at Wuwei-chow 4ffi
jft\,
1°. Generalities. — No woman can attain to Buddhahood
without being reborn as a man (6). According to the Saddharma-
pundarika, or Lotus of the Good Law, women are debarred from
(1) Chinese Superstitions. Vol. VII. p. 352; 354-355 (Tibetan list of the
18 Arhats).
(2) Journal Asiatique. Sept. -Oct. 1916. p. 289-290.
(3) See Chinese Superstitions. Vol. VII. p. 351. — Journal Asiatique.
Sept. -Oct. 1916. p. 284-285.
(4) Journal Asiatique. Sept. -Oct. 191G. p. 288. — Chinese Superstitions.
Vol. VII. p. 351. note 7.
(5) See Chinese Superstitions. Vol. VII. p. 35G : 3G9-372.
(6) Monier Williams. Buddhism, p. 87. — Hardy. Manual of Buddhism,
p. 104, and 106.