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— 250 — ARTICLE X. THE TEN DEMOX-RIXERS OF HADES. Shih-tien yen-wang -f J*£ Hj 3: (1). I. GENERAL NOTIONS ON THE BUDDHIST HELLS. 1°. The idea of Hades, or a place of punishment for the wicked, is intimately connected with metempsychosis (2), of which it is but a phase, rather than a place of final retribution. The ultimate goal of Buddhism is neither heaven nor hell, but Nirvana, or the being- blown out, and extinction of all personal existence. Hades is called in Sanscrit Naraka, that is the abode of the wicked and of demons, and is rendered into Chinese by the term Ti-yuh jfc $pc, or the earth-prison (3). The ruler of this sombre realm is Yama, Yen-lo-\vang fgj j|l 5E ('*)» the Vedic god of the dead. Buddhism borrowed the idea and function from Brahmanism. The legend of how he came to be the ruler of the damned is as follows: ages ago, he was a human monarch, and ruled over the kingdom of Vaisali, in Northern India. Once when engaged in war with the king of a neighbouring state, he was in danger of being defeated, and swore that if the Powers of the Underworld gave him the victory, he and his officers would agree to be reborn in hell. Thereupon, heavenly warriors were seen fighting on his side, and (1) Shih-tien-yen-wcaig -f- J*£ fgj 3E- From Shih -f-, ten; Tien jj*£, a grand hall, a palace; Yen-wang fgj 3E, king of hell. Hence the 10 kings Hades. Williams. Dictionary of the Chinese Language. p. 183. or rulers of (2) Edkins. Chinese Buddhism, p. 364. — Johnston. Buddhist China, (3) Edkins. Chinese Buddhism, p. 357. —Johnston. Buddhist China, p. 145, 172. — Eitel. Sanscrit-Chinese Dictionary, p. 81. — Chinese Superstitions. Vol. I. p. 152. note 1 ; Vol. 111. p. 235. note 2. (4) Edkins. Chinese Buddhism, p. 219.— Chinese Superstitions. Vol. V. p. 557. note 1 ; p. 596. note 2.
— 251 — the battle was soon won. He was accordingly reborn as Fama, the principal King of Hell, while his generals and his whole army became his assistant rulers, jailors and executioners (1). His sister Yami controls all the female culprits, as he exclusively deals with the male sex (2). Yama, as King of Hades, lives in a splendid palace (3), served by a multitude of demon-lictors. His life, however, and is is not one of unmixed happiness. Three times every twenty-four hours, a band of devils seize him, and pour down his throat a stream of molten copper, thus causing him excruciating pain (4). His officers and followers are similarly treated in punishment of their former crimes. They will, however, be finally saved, and it is said, attain even the bliss of Buddhahood (5). Another legend of purely Chinese origin states that the famous Kiang Tze-ya || -^ 5f (6), Chief Councillor to Wen-wang ^ 3T£, appointed as ruler of Hades Hwang Fei-hu jif ffe j^, one of the Generals of Chow-wang |gj 3£, who fell in the battle, after having sworn allegiance to the new dynasty of Chow jj§). All these rulers and assistants, though of Buddhist origin, are according to present-day popular tradition, subject to the Pearly (1) Eitel. Sanscrit-Chinese Dictionary, p. 173 (Yama).— Johnston. Bud- dhist China, p. 195-196. - Getty. The Gods of Northern Buddhism, p. 135. (2) They are called the "Royal Pair", Cluvang-wctng |g 3E. Eitel. Sanscrit-Chinese Dictionary, p. 173. -Getty. The Gods of Northern Buddhism, p. 137.— Johnston. Buddhist China, p. 197. (3) His palace, made of copper and iron, is at the extremity of the earth, southward, and floating on the waters. Getty. The Gods of Northern Bud- dhism, p. 135. (4) Waddell. The Buddhism of Tibet, p. 90. — Eitel. Sanscrit-Chinese Dictionary, p. 173. (5) Johnston. Buddhist China, p. 197.— Eitel. Sanscrit-Chinese Diction- ary, p. 173. -Getty. The Gods of Northern Buddhism, p. 136. 432. (6) Kiang Tze-ya # -f- ^. See Chinese Superstitions. Vol. IV. p. 428-
Page 1: 111 1)6 1* ?& I!SI*iiIM«if&SI INTO
Page 6 and 7: X>C>l3 7 V~ l\\ B3&
Page 8 and 9: 4 th — II — century). 3° The A
Page 10 and 11: — IV — aim of Buddhism, a sorry
Page 12 and 13: — VI — adopted children and unw
Page 14 and 15: — VIII — is also said to have a
Page 16 and 17: — X — teacher, unci example of
Page 18 and 19: — XII — philosophy, becomes the
Page 20 and 21: — XIV — Epochs of Chinese and J
Page 22 and 23: Preface XVI — CONTENTS. SECOND PA
Page 24 and 25: — XVIII — President: Tu-ti-wang
Page 26 and 27: — XX — 2" The 2 brothers of the
Page 28 and 29: — XXII Page. 1'ci-lii shen-shi ff
Page 30 and 31: 59. Indra represented — XXIV —
Page 33 and 34: ARTICLE IX. KSH1TIGARBHA, BUDDHA OF
Page 35: Fig. 41 Ti-tsang-wang. Ti Tsang-wan
Page 38 and 39: — 238 — Wei-t'o ^ |?& (t). This
Page 40 and 41: — 240 — drew to an end, and he
Page 42 and 43: — 242 — Muh-lien g £| was appr
Page 44 and 45: — 244 — Kiu-hwa-shan % ^ [Jj (1
Page 46: — 246 — The general theme is th
Page 49 and 50: — 247 — 5°. Temples dedicated
Page 51: o _ a o o 01 0.1 z; o o ( £2 O W
Page 55 and 56: — 253 — B). Kwan-yin f$f ^, the
Page 57 and 58: — 255 — beheld a vast landscape
Page 59 and 60: — 257 — author of the "Treatise
Page 61 and 62: — 259 — at sometime or other le
Page 63 and 64: — 261 — senses. Every form of t
Page 65: Fig. 43 La tour du miroir — La pr
Page 68 and 69: — 264 — In connection with this
Page 70 and 71: — 266 — 10. The hell where men
Page 73 and 74: — 267 — 3°. Those who gouge ou
Page 75 and 76: 3: (1). — 269 — HI. THIRD COURT
Page 77: Fisr. 45 Os racles — Yeux arrache
Page 80 and 81: — 272 — IV. FOURTH COURT. Presi
Page 83 and 84: — 273 — 8. The hell where one m
Page 85 and 86: — 275 — to commit the above men
Page 87 and 88: — 277 — molten copper, thus cau
Page 89 and 90: — 279 — From the above legends,
Page 91: Fig. 4 7 Coupe en morceaux — Coew
Page 94 and 95: — 282 — 2°. Those who denied r
Page 96 and 97: — 284 — VI. SIXTH COURT. Presid
Page 99 and 100: — 285 — 9. The hell where fire
Page 101 and 102: — 287 — 2". Also those who prac
Page 103:
Fig. 49 La chaudiere d'huile bouill
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— 290 — 4°. Those who spread d
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— 292 — 10. The hell where the
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— 293 — to be pious, repented t
Page 113 and 114:
— 295 — 9. The hell where oxen
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Pig. 51 La cite des suicides — La
Page 118 and 119:
— 298 — X. TENTH COURT. Preside
Page 121 and 122:
— 299 — inhabiting spaces under
Page 123:
Fie. 53 Roue de la metempsycose. Th
Page 126 and 127:
— 302 — ch'ang fg- ^ j^, and th
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— 303 — ARTICLE XI. MARICHI. ^O
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— 305 — Thunder and lightning s
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Fig. 55 Tcboen-ti. Chun-ti. Or the
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— 308 — was protected by the "H
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— 310 — second attack failed li
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o — 312 —
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— 314 — ancient "Monastery of C
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Kwan-kung [|fj Q — 315 — (1), t
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— 317 — ARTICLE XIII. VEDA, PRO
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— 319 — The following legendary
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— Fig. 57 Wei-t'ouo-pou-sah. T/ie
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— 322 — Is ff< ^ $) (0- ^ serva
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— 324 — AETICLE XIV. I.VDKA AM)
Page 159 and 160:
— 325 — images of Brahma, Fan-w
Page 161 and 162:
— 327 — them is meant to procla
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Fig. 59 Yu-ti ou Ti-che (Indra).sou
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— 330 — ARTICLE XV. THE INCENSE
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— 331 — Divine nymphs gather th
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— 333 — the number 18 being- ge
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— 335 — conquered the craving f
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— 337 — and not as a member of
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— 339 — age of 80, and am neari
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— 341 — returned with several S
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11 12 13 14 15 16 Rahula Nagasena A
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He was represented — 345 — for
Page 185 and 186:
— 347 — disciples, and dwells i
Page 187 and 188:
— 349 — subtle Arhat, and an or
Page 189 and 190:
— 351 — Kiangsi 7X W> and Hupeh
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— 353 j-j^T ?X- Tne Author himsel
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,,t '"" < Fig. 61 Les 18 Louo-han.
Page 197 and 198:
— 355 The figures in the 2 nd col
Page 199:
Fig. 63 Tao-t'ung shen-shi.
Page 204 and 205:
Fig. 65 Hwei-yuen shen-sbi.
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— 358 — Illustration n° 62 rep
Page 210:
Fig. 67 Han-shan-tze, or the Arhat
Page 213 and 214:
— 359 — ts'ing-sze fig \f^ ^?,
Page 215:
Fig. 69 Ku-ti hwo-shang.
Page 220 and 221:
Fig. 71 Shi-tze-pi-k'iu tsun-cheh o
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— 362 — /-chow lj£ j]'\, in Ng
Page 226:
Fig. 73 Lo-heu-lo-to tsun-cheh or R
Page 229 and 230:
— 363 — Golden Horde, was accus
Page 231:
Fig. 75 Kiu-mo-lo-to tsun-cheh or K
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— 366 — During twenty years, he
Page 237 and 238:
— 367 — petty independent princ
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Fig. 77 Ma-ming tsun-cheh, or Asvag
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— 370 — that the Scythian king
Page 245 and 246:
— 372 — Calico Bag", Pu-tai kwo
Page 247 and 248:
— 373 — wrote several works, of
Page 249 and 250:
— 375 — 2. Group comprising 108
Page 251 and 252:
frog under the left arm (1) ; Cuda-
Page 253 and 254:
— 379 — 3. The copy of 16, know
Page 255 and 256:
— 381 — that Pindola's name was
Page 257 and 258:
— 383 — as in China (1). These
Page 259 and 260:
— 385 — from the above two work
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— 387 — of milk spurted from he
Page 263:
4 * S* 4 l
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— 390 — Heavenly, T'ien %; the
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North ; Mao to the West (1). — 39
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6 7 8 9 10 T'u-wei Shang-cliang Chu
Page 277:
Fig. 83 Vaisravana, or To-wen ^ f*]
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— 396 — capacity, they are deem
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— 397 — he donned the yellow ro
Page 285:
Fig. 85 Virupaksa, or Kwang-muh Jl
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— hOO — adorations, and the con
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— 402 — mother-of-pearl. On thi
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— 403 — winged elephant, Hwa-hu
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— 405 — In this critical moment
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— 407 — In China, they are espe
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— 409 — ARTICLE XIX. THE DRAGON
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- Fig. 87 Trhema de Kin long se ta
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412 4°. The classification found i
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— 413 — The fanciful work known
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Fig. 89 Pe Long (Le dragon blanc).
Page 312 and 313:
— 416 — force, and torrential r
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— 418 — and after a short strug
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— 420 — hid himself in the moun
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— 4 22 — ARTICLE XX. THE « PAT
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2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1
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Fig. 92 Ahvagesha Maming, en Chinoi
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— 426 — to bear him to China. H
Page 331 and 332:
— 427 — from oneself. But to at
Page 333:
Fig. 94 Bodhidharma. (Dans la pagod
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— 430 — Paradise", was the repl
Page 339 and 340:
— 431 — inactivity, and ecstati
Page 341:
Fig. 96 Le bonze Hoei ko (chen koan
Page 344 and 345:
— 434 — The emperor, hearing th
Page 346 and 347:
— 436 — 111. Fourth and Fifth C
Page 348 and 349:
— 438 — is K'ung ^ (Unreal)". T
Page 350 and 351:
— 440 — IV. Sixth Chinese Patri
Page 353 and 354:
— 441 — but were later on resto
Page 355 and 356:
— 443 — fC H li( ^ (1), situate
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— 445 — In A.D. 705, the empero
Page 359 and 360:
— 447 — ARTICLE XXI. THE GREAT
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Fig. 98 Le bonze Ta-cheng. The bonz
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— 450 — Scarcely had he resolve
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— 452 — on which he could erect
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sword, Kien-shan $|J [ij . In 454 t
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— 456 — visitors cast a few sma
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adopting the form of a babe (1).
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— 459 — the famous monk, and th
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Tche k'ong 3 e Fig. 100 patriarche
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the remission of sins 1 — 462 —
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— 464 — ARTICLE XXIII THE BUDDH
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— 465 — J§. It is very high, a
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— 467 — ARTICLE XXIV. THE LAZY
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Sl^TSS Fig. d02 Le bonze Lan-tsan e
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— 470 — ARTICLE XXV. THE BUDDHI
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— 472 — At another time, the co
Page 397 and 398:
— 473 — how far he was still fr
Page 399 and 400:
— 475 — and became a Buddhist m
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Kiumarajiva, Fig. 104 en chinois Ki
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— 478 — of the men were drowned
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— 480 — Lotus of the good Law (
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— 482 — ARTICLE XXVII. ran: mon
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— 483 — When travelling' in the
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— i85 — with bis basket proceed
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— 487 — found ten stone images,
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— 489 — wrong, and should read
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Fie. 106 Le dieu du mont Song chan
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— 492 — "Do you promise to abst
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— 4D4 — his cell. On account of
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— 495 — JW ii, of the T'ang J|f
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— 497 "^r^L
Page 432:
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