CHINESE SUPERSTITIONS - University of Oregon

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— 406 — Tseng-cliang j^ -f^ (1), heavenly king, you called Mo Li-tsHng j|f ^ ^, and you your magic sword. Kwang-muh Jf {=} , heavenly king, you shall henceforth be shall rule the wind with shall henceforth be known as Mo Li-hai J| jjjf[ $|, and you shall raise or calm the storms with your magic guitar. To-\ven ^ ^C, heavenly king, you shall be called Mo Li-hung JH W. $X> arjd y° u shall produce thunder and rain by raising your magic umbrella. Ch'i-kwoh ^rr Hi (2), heavenly king, your name shall henceforth be Mo Li-show H ij|| ||p. You shall distribute rain to mortals, and rule the golden dragon, into which the winged elephant, Hwa- hu-tiao jfe $& |§, has been transformed. III. The 4 Great Kings in Chinese Art. The 4 Great Kings are frequently portrayed in art, and repre sented both in painting and sculpture (3). Images of them were placed on the four sides of Indian topes (4), to guard the sacred relics. The earliest known statues date from the first century B.C. In Chinese Turkestan, Sir Aurel Stein and the French explorer Pelliot, found pictures of them in rock shrines at Tun-hwang, while Herr von Le Coq discovered several frescoes representing Tnrfan (5). (1) them at All these names have been unscrupulously borrowed from Buddhism, and applied to Taoist genii. See Chinese Superstitions. Vol. VII. p. 396-398. (2) Ch'i-kiooh # [H. This is Dhritarctshtrct, already described above as the 3rd Buddhist king, who presides over the East and rules the Summer. He is worshipped in Japan as Jikoku. Chinese Superstitions. Vol. VII. p. 398. las). (3) Getty. The Gods of Northern Buddhism, p. 148 (The Four Lokapa- (4) Tapes, that is stupas, or little towers to hold relics. Monier Wil- liams Buddhism, p. 450. — Buddhist Art in India, by Grunwedel and Burgess. p. 20. (5) Getty. The Gods of Northern Buddhism, p. 148 (The Four Lokapa- las. — Pelliot. Les Grottes de Touen-houang (4 Vol. published up to 1921).
— 407 — In China, they are especially guardians of temples, but symbol- ize also the seasons, and control the four elements, fire, air, earth and water. As guardians, they are placed at the outer entrance to temples, two on each side (1). They are immense, grotesque figures, in full armour, standing, and bearing their respective symbols (2). These symbols vary in India, Tibet, China and Japan. Their purpose seems to be largely connected with elemental phenomena, such as producing rain, thunder, storms, and even universal darkness. Taoists perverted these symbols to purely magic purposes, as may be seen in the battle of the Four Genii. The symbols usually borne in China are the following : 1° Vaisravana, a pearl and a snake (3). In India and Tibet, he is represented with a flag in the right hand, and in the left an ichneumon, with a jewel in its mouth. 2° Virudhaka holds an umbrella, at the raising of which a violent storm of thunder and rain commences (4). In Tibet he has a sword and helm it (5), made of the skin of an elephant's head. 3° Dhritarashtra plays on a guitar (6). In some representations, this instrument has but four chords, corresponding to the four elements, which this king is deemed to control. 4° Virupaksa carries a sword, while in Tibet, he holds a chorten in the right, and a serpent in the left hand (7). (1) Edkins. Chinese Buddhism, p. 239. — Hackmann. Buddhism as a Religion, p. 214. — Eitel. Sanscrit-Chinese Dictionary, p. 145. — Chinese Super- stitions. Vol. VII. p. 399. (2) Getty. The Gods of Northern Buddhism, p. 148.— Monier Williams. Buddhism, p. 206. — Chinese Superstitions Vol. VII. p. 399. (3) Edkins. Chinese Buddhism, p. 240. — Hackmann. Buddhism as a Religion, p. 215. — Chinese Superstitions. Vol. VII. p. 397; Illustration n° 83. (4) Hackmann. Buddhism as a Religion, p. 215. — Edkins. Chinese Bud- dhism, p. 240. — Chinese Superstitions. Vol. VII. p. 397. (5) Getty. The Gods of Northern Buddhism, p. 148. — Buddhist Art in India, by Grilnwedel and Burgess, p. 138 (Virudhaka). (6) Edkins. Chinese Buddhism, p. 240. — Hackmann. Buddhism as a Religion, p. 215.— Chinese Superstitions. Vol. VII. p. 397; Illustration n° 84. (7) Hackmann. Buddhism as a Religion, p. 215. — Getty. The Gods of Northern Buddhism, p. 149. — Chinese Superstitions. Vol. VII. p. 398; Illus- tration n° 85.
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111 1)6 1* ?& I!SI*iiIM«if&SI INTO
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X>C>l3 7 V~ l\\ B3&
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4 th — II — century). 3° The A
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— IV — aim of Buddhism, a sorry
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— VI — adopted children and unw
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— VIII — is also said to have a
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— X — teacher, unci example of
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— XII — philosophy, becomes the
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— XIV — Epochs of Chinese and J
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Preface XVI — CONTENTS. SECOND PA
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— XVIII — President: Tu-ti-wang
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— XX — 2" The 2 brothers of the
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— XXII Page. 1'ci-lii shen-shi ff
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59. Indra represented — XXIV —
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ARTICLE IX. KSH1TIGARBHA, BUDDHA OF
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Fig. 41 Ti-tsang-wang. Ti Tsang-wan
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— 238 — Wei-t'o ^ |?& (t). This
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— 240 — drew to an end, and he
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— 242 — Muh-lien g £| was appr
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— 244 — Kiu-hwa-shan % ^ [Jj (1
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— 246 — The general theme is th
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— 247 — 5°. Temples dedicated
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o _ a o o 01 0.1 z; o o ( £2 O W
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— 251 — the battle was soon won
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— 253 — B). Kwan-yin f$f ^, the
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— 255 — beheld a vast landscape
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— 257 — author of the "Treatise
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— 259 — at sometime or other le
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— 261 — senses. Every form of t
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Fig. 43 La tour du miroir — La pr
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— 264 — In connection with this
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— 266 — 10. The hell where men
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— 267 — 3°. Those who gouge ou
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3: (1). — 269 — HI. THIRD COURT
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Fisr. 45 Os racles — Yeux arrache
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— 272 — IV. FOURTH COURT. Presi
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— 273 — 8. The hell where one m
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— 275 — to commit the above men
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— 277 — molten copper, thus cau
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— 279 — From the above legends,
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Fig. 4 7 Coupe en morceaux — Coew
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— 282 — 2°. Those who denied r
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— 284 — VI. SIXTH COURT. Presid
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— 285 — 9. The hell where fire
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— 287 — 2". Also those who prac
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Fig. 49 La chaudiere d'huile bouill
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— 290 — 4°. Those who spread d
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— 292 — 10. The hell where the
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— 293 — to be pious, repented t
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— 295 — 9. The hell where oxen
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Pig. 51 La cite des suicides — La
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— 298 — X. TENTH COURT. Preside
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— 299 — inhabiting spaces under
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Fie. 53 Roue de la metempsycose. Th
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— 302 — ch'ang fg- ^ j^, and th
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— 303 — ARTICLE XI. MARICHI. ^O
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— 305 — Thunder and lightning s
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Fig. 55 Tcboen-ti. Chun-ti. Or the
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— 308 — was protected by the "H
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— 310 — second attack failed li
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o — 312 —
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— 314 — ancient "Monastery of C
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Kwan-kung [|fj Q — 315 — (1), t
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— 317 — ARTICLE XIII. VEDA, PRO
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— 319 — The following legendary
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— Fig. 57 Wei-t'ouo-pou-sah. T/ie
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— 322 — Is ff< ^ $) (0- ^ serva
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— 324 — AETICLE XIV. I.VDKA AM)
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— 325 — images of Brahma, Fan-w
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— 327 — them is meant to procla
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Fig. 59 Yu-ti ou Ti-che (Indra).sou
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— 330 — ARTICLE XV. THE INCENSE
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— 331 — Divine nymphs gather th
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— 333 — the number 18 being- ge
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— 335 — conquered the craving f
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— 337 — and not as a member of
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— 339 — age of 80, and am neari
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— 341 — returned with several S
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11 12 13 14 15 16 Rahula Nagasena A
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He was represented — 345 — for
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— 347 — disciples, and dwells i
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— 349 — subtle Arhat, and an or
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— 351 — Kiangsi 7X W> and Hupeh
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— 353 j-j^T ?X- Tne Author himsel
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,,t '"" < Fig. 61 Les 18 Louo-han.
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— 355 The figures in the 2 nd col
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Fig. 63 Tao-t'ung shen-shi.
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Fig. 65 Hwei-yuen shen-sbi.
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— 358 — Illustration n° 62 rep
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Fig. 67 Han-shan-tze, or the Arhat
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— 359 — ts'ing-sze fig \f^ ^?,
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Fig. 69 Ku-ti hwo-shang.
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Fig. 71 Shi-tze-pi-k'iu tsun-cheh o
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— 362 — /-chow lj£ j]'\, in Ng
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Fig. 73 Lo-heu-lo-to tsun-cheh or R
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— 363 — Golden Horde, was accus
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Fig. 75 Kiu-mo-lo-to tsun-cheh or K
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— 366 — During twenty years, he
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— 367 — petty independent princ
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Fig. 77 Ma-ming tsun-cheh, or Asvag
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— 370 — that the Scythian king
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Page 247 and 248: — 373 — wrote several works, of
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Page 251 and 252: frog under the left arm (1) ; Cuda-
Page 253 and 254: — 379 — 3. The copy of 16, know
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Page 257 and 258: — 383 — as in China (1). These
Page 259 and 260: — 385 — from the above two work
Page 261 and 262: — 387 — of milk spurted from he
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Page 266 and 267: — 390 — Heavenly, T'ien %; the
Page 269 and 270: North ; Mao to the West (1). — 39
Page 275 and 276: 6 7 8 9 10 T'u-wei Shang-cliang Chu
Page 277: Fig. 83 Vaisravana, or To-wen ^ f*]
Page 280 and 281: — 396 — capacity, they are deem
Page 283 and 284: — 397 — he donned the yellow ro
Page 285: Fig. 85 Virupaksa, or Kwang-muh Jl
Page 288 and 289: — hOO — adorations, and the con
Page 290 and 291: — 402 — mother-of-pearl. On thi
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Page 295: — 405 — In this critical moment
Page 299 and 300: — 409 — ARTICLE XIX. THE DRAGON
Page 301: - Fig. 87 Trhema de Kin long se ta
Page 304 and 305: 412 4°. The classification found i
Page 307 and 308: — 413 — The fanciful work known
Page 309: Fig. 89 Pe Long (Le dragon blanc).
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Page 325: Fig. 92 Ahvagesha Maming, en Chinoi
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Page 333: Fig. 94 Bodhidharma. (Dans la pagod
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Page 341: Fig. 96 Le bonze Hoei ko (chen koan
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— 436 — 111. Fourth and Fifth C
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— 438 — is K'ung ^ (Unreal)". T
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— 440 — IV. Sixth Chinese Patri
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— 441 — but were later on resto
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— 443 — fC H li( ^ (1), situate
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— 445 — In A.D. 705, the empero
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— 447 — ARTICLE XXI. THE GREAT
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Fig. 98 Le bonze Ta-cheng. The bonz
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— 450 — Scarcely had he resolve
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— 452 — on which he could erect
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sword, Kien-shan $|J [ij . In 454 t
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— 456 — visitors cast a few sma
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adopting the form of a babe (1).
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— 459 — the famous monk, and th
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Tche k'ong 3 e Fig. 100 patriarche
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the remission of sins 1 — 462 —
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— 464 — ARTICLE XXIII THE BUDDH
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— 465 — J§. It is very high, a
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— 467 — ARTICLE XXIV. THE LAZY
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Sl^TSS Fig. d02 Le bonze Lan-tsan e
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— 470 — ARTICLE XXV. THE BUDDHI
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— 472 — At another time, the co
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— 473 — how far he was still fr
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— 475 — and became a Buddhist m
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Kiumarajiva, Fig. 104 en chinois Ki
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— 478 — of the men were drowned
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— 480 — Lotus of the good Law (
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— 482 — ARTICLE XXVII. ran: mon
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— 483 — When travelling' in the
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— i85 — with bis basket proceed
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— 487 — found ten stone images,
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— 489 — wrong, and should read
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Fie. 106 Le dieu du mont Song chan
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— 492 — "Do you promise to abst
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— 4D4 — his cell. On account of
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— 495 — JW ii, of the T'ang J|f
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— 497 "^r^L
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