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— 394 — AETICLE XVIII. THE 4 GREAT HEAVENLY KINGS. Sze-ta t'ien-wang ^ ^ J. Buddhism borrowed largely from Brahmanism, and admitted into its Pantheon various Hindu gods, genii, beings (1 . Among and other fabulous the latter are the Four Great Heavenly Kings, S:e-ta t'ien-wang (53 ^ ^ 3£, also known as the Four Great Diamond Kings, Sze-ta kin-hang ^ ^ pfj. These fanciful beings are mentioned in the earliest Buddhist writings, as visiting Guatama, when he was still in the Tushita heavens (2), awaiting the time to manifest himself on earth as a Manuclii-Buddha (3). They assisted at his birth, and received him reverently on the skin of a spotted tiger. They held the hoofs of his horse, when he left his palace to undertake a life of penance. After his fasting and meditation under the Bodhi-tree, they offered him four bowls of food (4). They were also present at his Parinirvana, and in fact seem to have assisted at every important event of his life (5). I. Buddhist account of origins and evolution. 1°. Origin and functions. — These heavenly beings are four demon-kings, who have been converted, and are assigned the (1) Monier Williams. Buddhism, p. 205-206; 219-221. — Chinese Super- stitions. Vol. VI. p. 89. note 1. (2) Tushita heavens, or place of perfectly contented beings. This sacred region is the home of all the Bodhisattvas, destined to become Buddhas. Guatama once dwelt there, and Maitreya now presides over it. Monier Wil- liams. Buddhism, p. 208. (3) Manuchi Buddha, i.e. as a Buddha in human form. Chinese Super- stitions. Vol. VI. p. 122. (4) Buddha caused them to unite in one, lest there should be vanity or jealousy on the part of each donor. Buddhist Art in India, by Gninwedel and Burgess, p. 146 (A Gandhara sculpture in Lahore Museum). (5) Monier Williams. Buddhism, p. 453.— Getty. The Gods of Northern Buddhism, p. 148 (The 4 Lokapalas).
Fig. 83 Vaisravana, or To-wen ^ f*] (Buddhist). Mo-li-show J| H H (Taoist).
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111 1)6 1* ?& I!SI*iiIM«if&SI INTO
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X>C>l3 7 V~ l\\ B3&
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4 th — II — century). 3° The A
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— IV — aim of Buddhism, a sorry
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— VI — adopted children and unw
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— VIII — is also said to have a
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— X — teacher, unci example of
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— XII — philosophy, becomes the
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— XIV — Epochs of Chinese and J
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Preface XVI — CONTENTS. SECOND PA
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— XVIII — President: Tu-ti-wang
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— XX — 2" The 2 brothers of the
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— XXII Page. 1'ci-lii shen-shi ff
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59. Indra represented — XXIV —
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ARTICLE IX. KSH1TIGARBHA, BUDDHA OF
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Fig. 41 Ti-tsang-wang. Ti Tsang-wan
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— 238 — Wei-t'o ^ |?& (t). This
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— 240 — drew to an end, and he
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— 242 — Muh-lien g £| was appr
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— 244 — Kiu-hwa-shan % ^ [Jj (1
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— 246 — The general theme is th
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— 247 — 5°. Temples dedicated
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o _ a o o 01 0.1 z; o o ( £2 O W
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— 251 — the battle was soon won
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— 253 — B). Kwan-yin f$f ^, the
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— 255 — beheld a vast landscape
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— 257 — author of the "Treatise
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— 259 — at sometime or other le
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— 261 — senses. Every form of t
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Fig. 43 La tour du miroir — La pr
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— 264 — In connection with this
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— 266 — 10. The hell where men
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— 267 — 3°. Those who gouge ou
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3: (1). — 269 — HI. THIRD COURT
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Fisr. 45 Os racles — Yeux arrache
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— 272 — IV. FOURTH COURT. Presi
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— 273 — 8. The hell where one m
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— 275 — to commit the above men
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— 277 — molten copper, thus cau
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— 279 — From the above legends,
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Fig. 4 7 Coupe en morceaux — Coew
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— 282 — 2°. Those who denied r
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— 284 — VI. SIXTH COURT. Presid
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— 285 — 9. The hell where fire
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— 287 — 2". Also those who prac
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Fig. 49 La chaudiere d'huile bouill
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— 290 — 4°. Those who spread d
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— 292 — 10. The hell where the
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— 293 — to be pious, repented t
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— 295 — 9. The hell where oxen
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Pig. 51 La cite des suicides — La
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— 298 — X. TENTH COURT. Preside
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— 299 — inhabiting spaces under
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Fie. 53 Roue de la metempsycose. Th
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— 302 — ch'ang fg- ^ j^, and th
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— 303 — ARTICLE XI. MARICHI. ^O
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— 305 — Thunder and lightning s
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Fig. 55 Tcboen-ti. Chun-ti. Or the
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— 308 — was protected by the "H
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— 310 — second attack failed li
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o — 312 —
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— 314 — ancient "Monastery of C
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Kwan-kung [|fj Q — 315 — (1), t
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— 317 — ARTICLE XIII. VEDA, PRO
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— 319 — The following legendary
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— Fig. 57 Wei-t'ouo-pou-sah. T/ie
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— 322 — Is ff< ^ $) (0- ^ serva
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— 324 — AETICLE XIV. I.VDKA AM)
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— 325 — images of Brahma, Fan-w
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— 327 — them is meant to procla
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Fig. 59 Yu-ti ou Ti-che (Indra).sou
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— 330 — ARTICLE XV. THE INCENSE
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— 331 — Divine nymphs gather th
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— 333 — the number 18 being- ge
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— 335 — conquered the craving f
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— 337 — and not as a member of
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— 339 — age of 80, and am neari
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— 341 — returned with several S
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11 12 13 14 15 16 Rahula Nagasena A
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He was represented — 345 — for
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— 347 — disciples, and dwells i
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— 349 — subtle Arhat, and an or
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— 351 — Kiangsi 7X W> and Hupeh
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— 353 j-j^T ?X- Tne Author himsel
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,,t '"" < Fig. 61 Les 18 Louo-han.
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— 355 The figures in the 2 nd col
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Fig. 63 Tao-t'ung shen-shi.
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Fig. 65 Hwei-yuen shen-sbi.
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— 358 — Illustration n° 62 rep
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Fig. 67 Han-shan-tze, or the Arhat
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— 359 — ts'ing-sze fig \f^ ^?,
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Fig. 69 Ku-ti hwo-shang.
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Fig. 71 Shi-tze-pi-k'iu tsun-cheh o
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— 362 — /-chow lj£ j]'\, in Ng
Page 226: Fig. 73 Lo-heu-lo-to tsun-cheh or R
Page 229 and 230: — 363 — Golden Horde, was accus
Page 231: Fig. 75 Kiu-mo-lo-to tsun-cheh or K
Page 234: — 366 — During twenty years, he
Page 237 and 238: — 367 — petty independent princ
Page 239: Fig. 77 Ma-ming tsun-cheh, or Asvag
Page 242 and 243: — 370 — that the Scythian king
Page 245 and 246: — 372 — Calico Bag", Pu-tai kwo
Page 247 and 248: — 373 — wrote several works, of
Page 249 and 250: — 375 — 2. Group comprising 108
Page 251 and 252: frog under the left arm (1) ; Cuda-
Page 253 and 254: — 379 — 3. The copy of 16, know
Page 255 and 256: — 381 — that Pindola's name was
Page 257 and 258: — 383 — as in China (1). These
Page 259 and 260: — 385 — from the above two work
Page 261 and 262: — 387 — of milk spurted from he
Page 263: 4 * S* 4 l
Page 266 and 267: — 390 — Heavenly, T'ien %; the
Page 269 and 270: North ; Mao to the West (1). — 39
Page 275: 6 7 8 9 10 T'u-wei Shang-cliang Chu
Page 280 and 281: — 396 — capacity, they are deem
Page 283 and 284: — 397 — he donned the yellow ro
Page 285: Fig. 85 Virupaksa, or Kwang-muh Jl
Page 288 and 289: — hOO — adorations, and the con
Page 290 and 291: — 402 — mother-of-pearl. On thi
Page 293 and 294: — 403 — winged elephant, Hwa-hu
Page 295 and 296: — 405 — In this critical moment
Page 297 and 298: — 407 — In China, they are espe
Page 299 and 300: — 409 — ARTICLE XIX. THE DRAGON
Page 301: - Fig. 87 Trhema de Kin long se ta
Page 304 and 305: 412 4°. The classification found i
Page 307 and 308: — 413 — The fanciful work known
Page 309: Fig. 89 Pe Long (Le dragon blanc).
Page 312 and 313: — 416 — force, and torrential r
Page 314: — 418 — and after a short strug
Page 318 and 319: — 420 — hid himself in the moun
Page 320 and 321: — 4 22 — ARTICLE XX. THE « PAT
Page 323 and 324: 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1
Page 325: Fig. 92 Ahvagesha Maming, en Chinoi
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— 426 — to bear him to China. H
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— 427 — from oneself. But to at
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Fig. 94 Bodhidharma. (Dans la pagod
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— 430 — Paradise", was the repl
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— 431 — inactivity, and ecstati
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Fig. 96 Le bonze Hoei ko (chen koan
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— 434 — The emperor, hearing th
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— 436 — 111. Fourth and Fifth C
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— 438 — is K'ung ^ (Unreal)". T
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— 440 — IV. Sixth Chinese Patri
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— 441 — but were later on resto
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— 443 — fC H li( ^ (1), situate
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— 445 — In A.D. 705, the empero
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— 447 — ARTICLE XXI. THE GREAT
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Fig. 98 Le bonze Ta-cheng. The bonz
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— 450 — Scarcely had he resolve
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— 452 — on which he could erect
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sword, Kien-shan $|J [ij . In 454 t
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— 456 — visitors cast a few sma
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adopting the form of a babe (1).
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— 459 — the famous monk, and th
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Tche k'ong 3 e Fig. 100 patriarche
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the remission of sins 1 — 462 —
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— 464 — ARTICLE XXIII THE BUDDH
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— 465 — J§. It is very high, a
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— 467 — ARTICLE XXIV. THE LAZY
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Sl^TSS Fig. d02 Le bonze Lan-tsan e
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— 470 — ARTICLE XXV. THE BUDDHI
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— 472 — At another time, the co
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— 473 — how far he was still fr
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— 475 — and became a Buddhist m
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Kiumarajiva, Fig. 104 en chinois Ki
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— 478 — of the men were drowned
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— 480 — Lotus of the good Law (
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— 482 — ARTICLE XXVII. ran: mon
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— 483 — When travelling' in the
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— i85 — with bis basket proceed
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— 487 — found ten stone images,
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— 489 — wrong, and should read
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Fie. 106 Le dieu du mont Song chan
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— 492 — "Do you promise to abst
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— 4D4 — his cell. On account of
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— 495 — JW ii, of the T'ang J|f
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— 497 "^r^L
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TTJm- X*M
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