CHINESE SUPERSTITIONS - University of Oregon

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— 254 — (280,000 miles) below the earth (1). Outside, there are mountains, a wide sea, and a circular mass of iron. This Hindu hell was too far from China, so it was resolved to place it in some one of the provinces of the country. The Taoist Treatise on the Infernal Regions, Yuh-lih-ch'ao-chwan ^ M #J> ^ (2), solved the problem, and fixed the site of these sombre realms in the province of Sze- c/i'wan )\\. They are thus irreproachably Chinese. The legend, relating this fanciful discovery, near Fang-tu-hsien ffl fft jf$, runs as follows : the city of is a high mountain, in the side of which entrance is obtained to the realm of the damned. During the night, their shrieks and wailings may be heard on all sides, and strike terror into the hearts of those who inhabit this desolate region. During the reign of the emperor Wang-lih "H Jff (A.D. 1573- 1620), of the Ming B£j dynasty, the governor of the province, named Kwoh §|S, had the above entrance forcibly opened. He then provided himself with a powerful torch, and boldly penetrated into the interior of the mountain. Proceeding for some time, he discovered an opening leading down into the earth. Nothing undaunted, he prepared a strong box, and sitting within it, had it lowered by means of ropes into the yawning chasm below. After descending about two hundred feet, he found solid ground, and coming out from his box, lighted his torch, and set to explore the unknown land. In reality, he had reached the border-land of Hades, and looking round, (1) Eitel. Sanscrit-Chinese Dictionary, p. 81 (Naraka). — Monier Williams. Buddhism, p. 120. — Edkins. Chinese Buddhism, p. 357 (Earth's prison or Naraka). — Hardy. Manual of Buddhism, p. 27 (The Narakas). Homer places the seat of hell as far beneath the deepest pit of earth, as the heaven is above the earth ; Virgil (JEn. VI. 557) makes it twice as far, and Milton thrice as far (Paradise Lost. I. 73). (2) Treatise on the Infernal Regions, Yuh-lih ch'cto-chivan Jf|j;f. Written by the Taoist monk T'an-ch'i %\ $£, who made an excursion into the spirit-world, and brought back an account of the place for the benefit of the living. He describes the government and horrors of hell, and the courts of the 10 kings. It is a kind of handbook to the underworld. The Buddhist doctrine of Hades is much modified in the work. Wylie. Notes on Chinese Literature, p. 224. —China Review. Vol. I. p. 302.
— 255 — beheld a vast landscape covered with luxuriant vegetation. Further on, arose a majestic portal closed with a strong iron gate, studded with countless nails. It was the entrance to the First Court of the Infernal regions. The governor knocked at the great gate, and much to his surprise, was received by Kwan-yil || ^ (1), the Chinese God of War. The deified warrior showed him over his palace, and ended by leading him to the Second Court of Hades, then to the Third and Fourth, all of which he visited in detail (2). Upon reaching the Fifth, Varna, the President of this Court (3), begged him sit down and partake of some tea. The conversation turned on the administration of the Underworld. "We, judges of Hades, said the President, have to punish all the souls of the dead, without distinction of position or rank while they lived in the world above. These souls, after death, wander throughout the world, but are seized by our lictors, and brought to this dismal region" (4). The conversation being ended, Fama led his visitor back to the great gate of Hades, and there bade him farewell. Hereupon, the governor resumed his position in the strong box, and was soon hauled up into the vital air. Having returned to the world of mortals, he related in detail all that he had seen and heard in the infernal regions, and a slab embodying the story was erected at (1) See on Kwan-yil Ufj i$, the Chinese God of War. Chinese Super- stitions. Vol. VI. p. 71-88. (2) The day on which he was snatched for a time into the spirit-world happened to be the birthday of Fung-tu Ta-ti, the gentleman wielding supreme power over all Hades. China Review. Vol. I. p. 302. (3) Yama's name is used in general parlance as a generic for all the judges. A legend states he was formerly President of the First Court, but being too lenient in allowing men to return forthwith to life, he was trans- ferred to the Fifth Court. China Review. Vol. I. p. 303. - Wiegeri Moral Tenets and Customs in China, p. 363 (The Fifth Court). (4) Wieger. Folk-Lore Chinois Moderne. Introduction, p. 8. Les juges des enfers lancent par leurs satellites les mandats d'amener les ames, a l'heure dcrite sur le livre du destin.
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111 1)6 1* ?& I!SI*iiIM«if&SI INTO
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Page 8 and 9: 4 th — II — century). 3° The A
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Page 22 and 23: Preface XVI — CONTENTS. SECOND PA
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Page 33 and 34: ARTICLE IX. KSH1TIGARBHA, BUDDHA OF
Page 35: Fig. 41 Ti-tsang-wang. Ti Tsang-wan
Page 38 and 39: — 238 — Wei-t'o ^ |?& (t). This
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Page 44 and 45: — 244 — Kiu-hwa-shan % ^ [Jj (1
Page 46: — 246 — The general theme is th
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Page 53 and 54: — 251 — the battle was soon won
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Page 61 and 62: — 259 — at sometime or other le
Page 63 and 64: — 261 — senses. Every form of t
Page 65: Fig. 43 La tour du miroir — La pr
Page 68 and 69: — 264 — In connection with this
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Page 73 and 74: — 267 — 3°. Those who gouge ou
Page 75 and 76: 3: (1). — 269 — HI. THIRD COURT
Page 77: Fisr. 45 Os racles — Yeux arrache
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Page 85 and 86: — 275 — to commit the above men
Page 87 and 88: — 277 — molten copper, thus cau
Page 89 and 90: — 279 — From the above legends,
Page 91: Fig. 4 7 Coupe en morceaux — Coew
Page 94 and 95: — 282 — 2°. Those who denied r
Page 96 and 97: — 284 — VI. SIXTH COURT. Presid
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Page 101 and 102: — 287 — 2". Also those who prac
Page 103: Fig. 49 La chaudiere d'huile bouill
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— 290 — 4°. Those who spread d
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— 292 — 10. The hell where the
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— 293 — to be pious, repented t
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— 295 — 9. The hell where oxen
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Pig. 51 La cite des suicides — La
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— 298 — X. TENTH COURT. Preside
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— 299 — inhabiting spaces under
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Fie. 53 Roue de la metempsycose. Th
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— 302 — ch'ang fg- ^ j^, and th
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— 303 — ARTICLE XI. MARICHI. ^O
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— 305 — Thunder and lightning s
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Fig. 55 Tcboen-ti. Chun-ti. Or the
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— 308 — was protected by the "H
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— 310 — second attack failed li
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o — 312 —
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— 314 — ancient "Monastery of C
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Kwan-kung [|fj Q — 315 — (1), t
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— 317 — ARTICLE XIII. VEDA, PRO
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— 319 — The following legendary
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— Fig. 57 Wei-t'ouo-pou-sah. T/ie
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— 322 — Is ff< ^ $) (0- ^ serva
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— 324 — AETICLE XIV. I.VDKA AM)
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— 325 — images of Brahma, Fan-w
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— 327 — them is meant to procla
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Fig. 59 Yu-ti ou Ti-che (Indra).sou
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— 330 — ARTICLE XV. THE INCENSE
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— 331 — Divine nymphs gather th
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— 333 — the number 18 being- ge
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— 335 — conquered the craving f
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— 337 — and not as a member of
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— 339 — age of 80, and am neari
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— 341 — returned with several S
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11 12 13 14 15 16 Rahula Nagasena A
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He was represented — 345 — for
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— 347 — disciples, and dwells i
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— 349 — subtle Arhat, and an or
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— 351 — Kiangsi 7X W> and Hupeh
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— 353 j-j^T ?X- Tne Author himsel
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,,t '"" < Fig. 61 Les 18 Louo-han.
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— 355 The figures in the 2 nd col
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Fig. 63 Tao-t'ung shen-shi.
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Fig. 65 Hwei-yuen shen-sbi.
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— 358 — Illustration n° 62 rep
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Fig. 67 Han-shan-tze, or the Arhat
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— 359 — ts'ing-sze fig \f^ ^?,
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Fig. 69 Ku-ti hwo-shang.
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Fig. 71 Shi-tze-pi-k'iu tsun-cheh o
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— 362 — /-chow lj£ j]'\, in Ng
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Fig. 73 Lo-heu-lo-to tsun-cheh or R
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— 363 — Golden Horde, was accus
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Fig. 75 Kiu-mo-lo-to tsun-cheh or K
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— 366 — During twenty years, he
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— 367 — petty independent princ
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Fig. 77 Ma-ming tsun-cheh, or Asvag
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— 370 — that the Scythian king
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— 372 — Calico Bag", Pu-tai kwo
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— 373 — wrote several works, of
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— 375 — 2. Group comprising 108
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frog under the left arm (1) ; Cuda-
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— 379 — 3. The copy of 16, know
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— 381 — that Pindola's name was
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— 383 — as in China (1). These
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— 385 — from the above two work
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— 387 — of milk spurted from he
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4 * S* 4 l
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— 390 — Heavenly, T'ien %; the
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North ; Mao to the West (1). — 39
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6 7 8 9 10 T'u-wei Shang-cliang Chu
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Fig. 83 Vaisravana, or To-wen ^ f*]
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— 396 — capacity, they are deem
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— 397 — he donned the yellow ro
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Fig. 85 Virupaksa, or Kwang-muh Jl
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— hOO — adorations, and the con
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— 402 — mother-of-pearl. On thi
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— 403 — winged elephant, Hwa-hu
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— 405 — In this critical moment
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— 407 — In China, they are espe
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— 409 — ARTICLE XIX. THE DRAGON
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- Fig. 87 Trhema de Kin long se ta
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412 4°. The classification found i
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— 413 — The fanciful work known
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Fig. 89 Pe Long (Le dragon blanc).
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— 416 — force, and torrential r
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— 418 — and after a short strug
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— 420 — hid himself in the moun
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— 4 22 — ARTICLE XX. THE « PAT
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2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1
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Fig. 92 Ahvagesha Maming, en Chinoi
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— 426 — to bear him to China. H
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— 427 — from oneself. But to at
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Fig. 94 Bodhidharma. (Dans la pagod
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— 430 — Paradise", was the repl
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— 431 — inactivity, and ecstati
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Fig. 96 Le bonze Hoei ko (chen koan
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— 434 — The emperor, hearing th
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— 436 — 111. Fourth and Fifth C
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— 438 — is K'ung ^ (Unreal)". T
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— 440 — IV. Sixth Chinese Patri
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— 441 — but were later on resto
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— 443 — fC H li( ^ (1), situate
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— 445 — In A.D. 705, the empero
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— 447 — ARTICLE XXI. THE GREAT
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Fig. 98 Le bonze Ta-cheng. The bonz
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— 450 — Scarcely had he resolve
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— 452 — on which he could erect
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sword, Kien-shan $|J [ij . In 454 t
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— 456 — visitors cast a few sma
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adopting the form of a babe (1).
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— 459 — the famous monk, and th
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Tche k'ong 3 e Fig. 100 patriarche
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the remission of sins 1 — 462 —
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— 464 — ARTICLE XXIII THE BUDDH
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— 465 — J§. It is very high, a
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— 467 — ARTICLE XXIV. THE LAZY
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Sl^TSS Fig. d02 Le bonze Lan-tsan e
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— 470 — ARTICLE XXV. THE BUDDHI
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— 472 — At another time, the co
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— 473 — how far he was still fr
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— 475 — and became a Buddhist m
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Kiumarajiva, Fig. 104 en chinois Ki
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— 478 — of the men were drowned
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— 480 — Lotus of the good Law (
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— 482 — ARTICLE XXVII. ran: mon
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— 483 — When travelling' in the
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— i85 — with bis basket proceed
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— 487 — found ten stone images,
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— 489 — wrong, and should read
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Fie. 106 Le dieu du mont Song chan
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— 492 — "Do you promise to abst
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— 4D4 — his cell. On account of
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— 495 — JW ii, of the T'ang J|f
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— 497 "^r^L
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