CHINESE SUPERSTITIONS - University of Oregon

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— 260 — to provide for their personal wants, a house to dwell in, and a carriage or sedan-chair to travel suitably to their rank in the underworld (1). Rejecting the existence of the soul, Buddhism cannot logically lay claim to immortality, at least as Western philosophy understands this idea. No soul exists within the body, hence no soul survives after death (2). The so-called shade, admitted by Buddhism, on reaching the tenth department of Hades, is reborn as a man, a brute, a fish, a bird, a reptile or an insect, according demerits in a previous existence. to its merits or Some souls, after passing through the various hells, are found still obdurate in their evil ways. Such refractory beings are handed over to the most savage lictors of hell, and clubbed to death with peach cudgels (3). Others hold they are eternally damned, but this is opposed to the Buddhist doctrine that all will finally reach salvation. Besides the twofold soul admitted by Chinese philosophy (4), Buddhists seem to have invented a third one, which is borne in funeral processions, and placed for the occasion in a temporary soul-tablet (5). This, it is said, gives a kind of artificial body to the shade, and prevents its dissolution. Later on, a permanent tablet is set up, and kept in the family for several generations. Such a device enables the deceased, though departed from this world, to live on among his descendants. With regard to the tortures endured in the Buddhist hells, it may be said of them that they combine all that is horrible to the (1) See Chinese Superstitions. Vol.1, p. 58-59: p. 61 , 82, 117-123, 128-129. (2) Monier Williams. Buddhism, p. 107. — Johnston. Buddhist China, p. 50. — Geden. Studies in the Religions of the East. p. 522. (3) See Chinese Superstitions. Vol V. p. 506, 719. note 2. (4) See Chinese Superstitions. Vol. I. Preface, p. Ill: Vol. III. p. 243 (Taoist philosophy of the soul). (5) Chinese Superstitions. Vol. 1. p. 80 (Temporary seat of the soul).— De Groot. The Beligious System of China. Vol I. p. 174-176 (The soul- banner).
— 261 — senses. Every form of torment, physical and mental, is found there. The extremes of cold and heat, cutting, flaying, racking, slow- burning', harrowing with red-hot prongs, insulting and tantalizing, have to be endured by the victims according to their deserts. All that fire and water, knives and clubs, can by ingenuity be made to do, is there done. Demons of the most monstrous shapes and most cruel dispositions terrify the victims in every possible way (I). Several of the tortures endured, and the instruments used in these hells, are borrowed from the official and domestic life of China (2), while the crimes punished exhibit graphically those national failings and shortcomings, which the native administration, owing to its apathy and indifference, its supine habits and traditions, never attempts to suppress or punish here below (3). (1) Edkins. Chinese Buddhism, p. 227 (The Hells). — China Review. Vol. I. p. 308. Here we find the most loathsome cruelties, the most high- strained torments; all the demons are fierce, ugly and deformed. (2) Many of the instruments of torture, as well as the usages of the halls of judgment, are borrowed from Yamen models. Some of the more loathsome cruelties are substantially the same as those employed in punishing slaves, menials, adopted children, and unwilling prostitutes. China Review. Vol. I. p. 308, 309, 310. (3) Suffice it to mention cruelty, craftiness, spite and revenge, taking bribes, professional incapacity, lending at exorbitant interest, using false weights and measures, adulteration of goods, the insanitary state of streets — to which may be added the violation of some Buddhist precepts and prejudi- ces : roasting animals for food, neglect to bury a deceased cat. decently, the schoolmaster who lights his pipe with written characters on the paper. China Review. Vol. I. p 307-308.
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111 1)6 1* ?& I!SI*iiIM«if&SI INTO
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X>C>l3 7 V~ l\\ B3&
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4 th — II — century). 3° The A
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— IV — aim of Buddhism, a sorry
Page 12 and 13: — VI — adopted children and unw
Page 14 and 15: — VIII — is also said to have a
Page 16 and 17: — X — teacher, unci example of
Page 18 and 19: — XII — philosophy, becomes the
Page 20 and 21: — XIV — Epochs of Chinese and J
Page 22 and 23: Preface XVI — CONTENTS. SECOND PA
Page 24 and 25: — XVIII — President: Tu-ti-wang
Page 26 and 27: — XX — 2" The 2 brothers of the
Page 28 and 29: — XXII Page. 1'ci-lii shen-shi ff
Page 30 and 31: 59. Indra represented — XXIV —
Page 33 and 34: ARTICLE IX. KSH1TIGARBHA, BUDDHA OF
Page 35: Fig. 41 Ti-tsang-wang. Ti Tsang-wan
Page 38 and 39: — 238 — Wei-t'o ^ |?& (t). This
Page 40 and 41: — 240 — drew to an end, and he
Page 42 and 43: — 242 — Muh-lien g £| was appr
Page 44 and 45: — 244 — Kiu-hwa-shan % ^ [Jj (1
Page 46: — 246 — The general theme is th
Page 49 and 50: — 247 — 5°. Temples dedicated
Page 51 and 52: o _ a o o 01 0.1 z; o o ( £2 O W
Page 53 and 54: — 251 — the battle was soon won
Page 55 and 56: — 253 — B). Kwan-yin f$f ^, the
Page 57 and 58: — 255 — beheld a vast landscape
Page 59 and 60: — 257 — author of the "Treatise
Page 61: — 259 — at sometime or other le
Page 65: Fig. 43 La tour du miroir — La pr
Page 68 and 69: — 264 — In connection with this
Page 70 and 71: — 266 — 10. The hell where men
Page 73 and 74: — 267 — 3°. Those who gouge ou
Page 75 and 76: 3: (1). — 269 — HI. THIRD COURT
Page 77: Fisr. 45 Os racles — Yeux arrache
Page 80 and 81: — 272 — IV. FOURTH COURT. Presi
Page 83 and 84: — 273 — 8. The hell where one m
Page 85 and 86: — 275 — to commit the above men
Page 87 and 88: — 277 — molten copper, thus cau
Page 89 and 90: — 279 — From the above legends,
Page 91: Fig. 4 7 Coupe en morceaux — Coew
Page 94 and 95: — 282 — 2°. Those who denied r
Page 96 and 97: — 284 — VI. SIXTH COURT. Presid
Page 99 and 100: — 285 — 9. The hell where fire
Page 101 and 102: — 287 — 2". Also those who prac
Page 103: Fig. 49 La chaudiere d'huile bouill
Page 106 and 107: — 290 — 4°. Those who spread d
Page 108 and 109: — 292 — 10. The hell where the
Page 111 and 112: — 293 — to be pious, repented t
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— 295 — 9. The hell where oxen
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Pig. 51 La cite des suicides — La
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— 298 — X. TENTH COURT. Preside
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— 299 — inhabiting spaces under
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Fie. 53 Roue de la metempsycose. Th
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— 302 — ch'ang fg- ^ j^, and th
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— 303 — ARTICLE XI. MARICHI. ^O
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— 305 — Thunder and lightning s
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Fig. 55 Tcboen-ti. Chun-ti. Or the
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— 308 — was protected by the "H
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— 310 — second attack failed li
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o — 312 —
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— 314 — ancient "Monastery of C
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Kwan-kung [|fj Q — 315 — (1), t
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— 317 — ARTICLE XIII. VEDA, PRO
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— 319 — The following legendary
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— Fig. 57 Wei-t'ouo-pou-sah. T/ie
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— 322 — Is ff< ^ $) (0- ^ serva
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— 324 — AETICLE XIV. I.VDKA AM)
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— 325 — images of Brahma, Fan-w
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— 327 — them is meant to procla
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Fig. 59 Yu-ti ou Ti-che (Indra).sou
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— 330 — ARTICLE XV. THE INCENSE
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— 331 — Divine nymphs gather th
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— 333 — the number 18 being- ge
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— 335 — conquered the craving f
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— 337 — and not as a member of
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— 339 — age of 80, and am neari
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— 341 — returned with several S
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11 12 13 14 15 16 Rahula Nagasena A
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He was represented — 345 — for
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— 347 — disciples, and dwells i
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— 349 — subtle Arhat, and an or
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— 351 — Kiangsi 7X W> and Hupeh
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— 353 j-j^T ?X- Tne Author himsel
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,,t '"" < Fig. 61 Les 18 Louo-han.
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— 355 The figures in the 2 nd col
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Fig. 63 Tao-t'ung shen-shi.
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Fig. 65 Hwei-yuen shen-sbi.
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— 358 — Illustration n° 62 rep
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Fig. 67 Han-shan-tze, or the Arhat
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— 359 — ts'ing-sze fig \f^ ^?,
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Fig. 69 Ku-ti hwo-shang.
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Fig. 71 Shi-tze-pi-k'iu tsun-cheh o
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— 362 — /-chow lj£ j]'\, in Ng
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Fig. 73 Lo-heu-lo-to tsun-cheh or R
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— 363 — Golden Horde, was accus
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Fig. 75 Kiu-mo-lo-to tsun-cheh or K
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— 366 — During twenty years, he
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— 367 — petty independent princ
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Fig. 77 Ma-ming tsun-cheh, or Asvag
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— 370 — that the Scythian king
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— 372 — Calico Bag", Pu-tai kwo
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— 373 — wrote several works, of
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— 375 — 2. Group comprising 108
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frog under the left arm (1) ; Cuda-
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— 379 — 3. The copy of 16, know
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— 381 — that Pindola's name was
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— 383 — as in China (1). These
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— 385 — from the above two work
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— 387 — of milk spurted from he
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4 * S* 4 l
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— 390 — Heavenly, T'ien %; the
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North ; Mao to the West (1). — 39
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6 7 8 9 10 T'u-wei Shang-cliang Chu
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Fig. 83 Vaisravana, or To-wen ^ f*]
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— 396 — capacity, they are deem
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— 397 — he donned the yellow ro
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Fig. 85 Virupaksa, or Kwang-muh Jl
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— hOO — adorations, and the con
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— 402 — mother-of-pearl. On thi
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— 403 — winged elephant, Hwa-hu
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— 405 — In this critical moment
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— 407 — In China, they are espe
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— 409 — ARTICLE XIX. THE DRAGON
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- Fig. 87 Trhema de Kin long se ta
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412 4°. The classification found i
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— 413 — The fanciful work known
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Fig. 89 Pe Long (Le dragon blanc).
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— 416 — force, and torrential r
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— 418 — and after a short strug
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— 420 — hid himself in the moun
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— 4 22 — ARTICLE XX. THE « PAT
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2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1
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Fig. 92 Ahvagesha Maming, en Chinoi
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— 426 — to bear him to China. H
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— 427 — from oneself. But to at
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Fig. 94 Bodhidharma. (Dans la pagod
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— 430 — Paradise", was the repl
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— 431 — inactivity, and ecstati
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Fig. 96 Le bonze Hoei ko (chen koan
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— 434 — The emperor, hearing th
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— 436 — 111. Fourth and Fifth C
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— 438 — is K'ung ^ (Unreal)". T
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— 440 — IV. Sixth Chinese Patri
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— 441 — but were later on resto
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— 443 — fC H li( ^ (1), situate
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— 445 — In A.D. 705, the empero
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— 447 — ARTICLE XXI. THE GREAT
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Fig. 98 Le bonze Ta-cheng. The bonz
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— 450 — Scarcely had he resolve
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— 452 — on which he could erect
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sword, Kien-shan $|J [ij . In 454 t
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— 456 — visitors cast a few sma
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adopting the form of a babe (1).
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— 459 — the famous monk, and th
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Tche k'ong 3 e Fig. 100 patriarche
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the remission of sins 1 — 462 —
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— 464 — ARTICLE XXIII THE BUDDH
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— 465 — J§. It is very high, a
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— 467 — ARTICLE XXIV. THE LAZY
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Sl^TSS Fig. d02 Le bonze Lan-tsan e
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— 470 — ARTICLE XXV. THE BUDDHI
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— 472 — At another time, the co
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— 473 — how far he was still fr
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— 475 — and became a Buddhist m
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Kiumarajiva, Fig. 104 en chinois Ki
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— 478 — of the men were drowned
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— 480 — Lotus of the good Law (
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— 482 — ARTICLE XXVII. ran: mon
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— 483 — When travelling' in the
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— i85 — with bis basket proceed
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— 487 — found ten stone images,
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— 489 — wrong, and should read
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Fie. 106 Le dieu du mont Song chan
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— 492 — "Do you promise to abst
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— 4D4 — his cell. On account of
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— 495 — JW ii, of the T'ang J|f
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— 497 "^r^L
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