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392 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIX treatment in the Amoenitates, which cites a large number of "pre- Linnaean" references, some of which, including the figure (pi. 10, /. 19}, certainly apply to P. edulis. The only specimen in the Linnean Herbarium which is labeled P. incarnata and was in Linnaeus' possession in 1753 is true P. incarnata, and there can be no doubt that this name should be applied to the plant native in the United States. Plate 152 of the Botanical Register is headed Passiflora incarnata /3. After citing several references which are applicable to both P. incarnata and P. edulis Ker distinguishes between the two "varieties" thus: (a) foliis vage et ad nervos subvillosis; germine villoso; bacca viridi-lutea. (j8) folis nudiusculis; germine glabro; bacco livido-purpurascente. Regarding the distribution of the plant there figured Ker says, "A native of Carolina and Virginia, most probably also of some parts of South America." In a note at the end of the volume Ker states that he later learned that the plant came from Brazil. There can be no doubt that this illustration of P. incarnata /3 represents the plant later described as P. edulis. Plate 332 of the Botanical headed Passiflora incarnata, and Ker evidently intended Register is it to be a representation of his variety a mentioned under Plate 152, the North American plant. The picture is a fairly accurate illustration of P. incarnata except for the fact that the margin of leaves is shown as entire. the I consider this an error on the part of the artist, for Ker surely would have noted such an important point had the leaves really been entire. This inaccurate drawing led to the proposal of Passiflora Kerii Spreng. and Passiflora incarnata var. Kerii DC. (Passiflora edulis var. Kerii Mast.). I am following Britton in the selection of P. incarnata as the type species of Passiflora, and I believe the choice of P. rubra (Int. Bot. Congr. 1930, p. 186) an unfortunate one. The latter was chosen because it is "a well-known and widely distributed species, belonging to the largest section, Decaloba." Should Passiflora be divided into smaller genera, it is highly desirable that the historic name be retained for the showy flowered granadillas, among which are the familiar cultivated species P. caerulea, P. edulis, P. quadrangularis, P. laurifolia, and P. maliformis. The number of species in Decaloba (in the sense of Plectostemma of the present treatment) is 115, only slightly greater than inGranadilla (96). Moreover, P. rubra belongs to a very small group ( Xerogona) within Plectostemma, which might,
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 393 conceivably, be treated as a genus. In Roemer's monograph, which would be the basis of any separation of Passiflora into small genera, the granadillas are treated as true Passiflora, and the smallerflowered plants, including P. rubra, are transferred to Decaloba, as a genus. Passiflora incarnata was certainly as well known to Linnaeus, the plant being in cultivation at Upsala. 233. Passiflora edulis Sims, Bot. Mag. 45: pi. 1989. 1818. (?) Passiflora gratissima St. Hil. Me"m. Mus. Hist. Nat. 5: 350. pi. 25, f. 23-26. 1819. Passiflora pallidiflora Bert. Syll. PI. Hort. Bonon. 6. 1827. (?) Passiflora diaden Veil. Fl. Flumin. 9: pi. 90. 1827. Passiflora verrucifera Lindl. Bot. Reg. 26: pi. 52. 1840. Passiflora Middletoniana Paxton, Mag. 9: pi. 51. 1842. Passiflora rigidula Jacq. Eclog. PI. 2: pi. 124- 1844, as to plate. Passiflora rubricaulis Jacq. Eclog. PI. 2: pi. 169. 1844. Passiflora pomifera M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 179. 1846. Passiflora edulis var. verrucifera Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 637. 1871; in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1: 610. 1872. Passiflora edulis var. pomifera Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 637. 1871; in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1: 610. 1872. Passiflora edulis var. rubricaulis Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 637. 1871; in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1: 610. 1872. (?) Passiflora picroderma Barb. Rodr. PI. Nov. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1:1. pi. 1. 1891. (?) Passiflora iodocarpa Barb. Rodr. PI. Nov. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1:3. pi. 2. 1891. Passiflora vernicosa Barb. Rodr. Contr. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 3: 62. pi. 9A. 1902. Plant essentially glabrous throughout (except ovary), rarely pilosulous throughout; stipules linear-subulate, about 1 cm. long, 1 mm. wide, entire or minutely glandular-serrulate; petioles up to 4 cm. long, biglandular at apex, the glands sessile or short-stipitate; leaves 5 to 11 cm. along midnerve, 4 to 10 cm. along lateral nerves, 7 to 12 cm. between apices of lateral lobes, 3-lobed to below middle (lobes 2 to 4 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, rarely subobtuse, the young leaves occasionally unlobed, ovate), rounded or shallowly cordate at base, serrate, subcoriaceous, lustrous above; peduncles up to 6 cm. long, stout; bracts ovate, 2 to 2.5 cm, long, 1 to 1.5 cm.
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THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
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THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF PASSIFLORAC
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PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AME
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA
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