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44 | Patent it YOURSELF 1. What a Provisional Patent Application (PPA) Is.................................................................. 57 2. What a PPA Is Not............................................................................................................................... 57 3. What a PPA Accomplishes.............................................................................................................. 57 4. Advantages of a PPA Over Building and Testing................................................................. 57 5. Disadvantages of the PPA................................................................................................................ 58 6. PPA Misconceptions........................................................................................................................... 60 7. Should You File a PPA?........................................................................................................................61 8. How to Prepare and File a PPA.......................................................................................................61 9. PPA Checklist.......................................................................................................................................... 75 10. PPAs and Foreign Filing..................................................................................................................... 76 11. What If You Make Changes to the Invention?...................................................................... 76 I. Don’t Sit on Your Invention After Documenting It.............................................................. 77 J. Don’t Use a “Post Office Patent” to Document Your Invention................................... 77 K. Summary......................................................................................................................................................... 77
ChAPtER 3 | DOCUMENTATION AND THE PPA | 45 Inventor’s Commandment 3 After conceiving of an invention, you shouldn’t proceed to develop, build, or test it, or reveal it to outsiders, until you (1) make a clear description of your conception on paper (using ink or typing), (2) sign and date the same, and (3) have this document signed and dated by two trustworthy people who have “Witnessed and understood” your creation. Inventor’s Commandment 4 (1) Try to build and test your invention (if at all possible) as soon as you can, (2) keep full and true written, signed, and dated records of all the efforts, correspondence, and receipts concerning your invention, especially if you build and test it, and (3) have two others sign and date that they have “Witnessed and understood” your building and testing. (As an alternative—or in addition—to documenting, building, and testing in this manner, you can use the PTO’s Provisional Patent Application program, but be aware of the disadvantages and limitations of the PPA.) A. Introduction It’s true in life generally that the better the documentation you keep, the easier it will be for you to retrieve important ideas, information, and, when necessary, proof that some thing happened. When it comes to inventing, good documentation is even more vital than in most other aspects of our lives. There are two distinct and important reasons why all inventors should document all of their work. The first has to do with the inventing process itself. The second involves the possibility that you will need to prove (1) that you are the inventor, and (2) when you made the invention or that you came up with the invention first. Let’s examine these reasons in order. RESOURCE To help you properly document your invention, Nolo publishes The Inventor’s Notebook: A Patent It Yourself Companion. B. Documentation Is Vital to the Invention Process It takes more than a good idea to sustain the invention process. It is absolutely essential to keep good, sound, and complete records, for two sets of reasons, the invention process (explained below) and to prove inventorship (explained in Section C). 1. Good Engineering Practice It’s good engineering practice to keep a “technical diary,” containing accurate, detailed documents of your ideas, work done, and accomplishments. Good engineers and technicians record their developments in chronological order so that they can refer back to their engineering diary at any time—days, weeks, months, or even years later. First, this enables them to avoid running up the same blind alley twice. Second, good records will shed light on subsequent developments, will allow the inventor to find needed data and details of past developments, and will provide a base for new paths of exploration and ramifications, especially if failures have occurred. 2. Psychological Stimulus Many of us come up with great ideas, especially when we’re engaged in some other activity (including dreaming), and we forget to write them down. Later, we may recall that we had a brilliant idea the night before, or during the office party, but because we went back to sleep or were too busy, we forgot it. If we could get into the habit of writing down our thoughts on a piece of paper, later on we’d find that piece of paper there to bug us, almost forcing us to do something about it. So, keep a small pencil or pen and some paper with you at all times, even by your bedside, and in your wallet, and write down your thoughts as soon as they occur. Later on, you’ll be glad you did. 3. Analyzation Stimulus WWII Admiral Raborn once said, “If you can’t write it down, you don’t really know what you are doing.” Have you ever had an idea, plan, or concept that you really didn’t fully understand yourself? I’ll bet you discovered that when you tried to write a description of it, you were forced to figure it out, and only then finally realized fully or exactly what you had. Putting a description of your idea in writing forces you to think about it and crystallize it into communicable form. Note that no matter how great your
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N O LO ® “The best roll-up-your-
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Products & Services Books & Softwar
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15th edition Patent It Yourself You
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Acknowledgments My deep thanks go t
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2 3 4 The Science and Magic of Inve
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C H A P T E R 7 What Should I Do Ne
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Nondisclosure Agreement 1. Parties.
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Invention Disclosure Sheet of Inven
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Positive and Negative Factors Evalu
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Searcher’s Worksheet Sheet of Inv
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In the United States Patent and Tra
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Design Patent Application—Preambl
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they may do so with the written con
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Universal License Agreement 1. Part
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whether or not any royalty payment
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Index A “A,” correct use of, 20
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INDex | 577 Biotechnology patents e
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INDex | 595 digital, for use in CAD
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Bestsellers The Small Business Star
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Online Legal Forms Nolo offers a la
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Keep Up to Date 1 Go to Nolo.com/ne
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About the Author David Pressman is
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