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a Chapter 34 Four-Dimensional B-Mode and Color Doppler Echocardiography of the Human Fetus 515 Fig. 34.14. Spatio-temporal image correlation 4D echocardiography in the color Doppler mode. Multiplanar view of the fetal heart simultaneously showing four-chamber view and the outflow tracts. RA right atrium, LA left atrium, RV right ventricle, LV left ventricle, AO aortic cross section, PA pulmonary artery, SP fetal spine could substantially increase the ease of fetal echocardiography and improve its diagnostic efficacy. Conclusion Fig. 34.15. Spatio-temporal image correlation 4D echocardiography in the color Doppler mode. Single-plane view of the fetal heart showing cross-over relationship of the great vessels and the outflow tracts. RV right ventricle, LV left ventricle, RVOT right ventricular outflow tract, LVOT left ventricular outflow tract. The arrows depict directionality of the flow Development of 4D ultrasound represents a major advance in non-invasive diagnostic technology and its introduction in clinical practice has initiated a significant paradigm shift in medical ultrasound imaging. Four-dimensional echocardiography allows a more comprehensive assessment of the fetal cardiac anatomy and hemodynamics than has been achievable in any of the current or legacy systems. It has the real potential of significantly expanding the scope of in utero diagnosis of congenital heart diseases and other abnormalities of the fetal heart. This is a very new technology and there is a real dearth of investigations critically evaluating its promises and limitations in the fetal application. This is especially relevant for extending its use outside the domain of experts and enthusiasts. At present, traditional 2D B-mode and Doppler sonography will continue to be the standard of practice for fetal cardiac assessment with substantial supplemental assistance from the 4D echocardiography which, however, has the strong potential to become the mainstream approach in the future.
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Editor Associate Editor for Gynecol
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Editor Dev Maulik, MD, Ph.D. Winthr
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Preface It is with great pleasure w
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Contents 1 Doppler Sonography: A Br
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a Contents XIII Heart and Great Ves
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a Contents XV 15 Pulsed Doppler Ult
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a Contents XVII 22 Doppler Velocime
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a Contents XIX Clinical Application
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a Contents XXI Terbutaline ........
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XXIV Authors Torvid Kiserud, MD, Ph
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2 D. Maulik Fig. 1.2. Title page of
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4 D. Maulik Fig. 1.4. Model of the
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6 D. Maulik Table 1.1. Feasibility
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Chapter 2 Physical Principles of Do
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a Chapter 2 Physical Principles of
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20 D. Maulik one-fourth of a cycle
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22 D. Maulik arterial [6] hemodynam
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24 D. Maulik nomena. The autoregres
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26 D. Maulik far field the beam pro
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28 D. Maulik Mirror Imaging With th
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30 D. Maulik hand, compromise Doppl
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32 D. Maulik vent of broad bandwidt
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34 D. Maulik: Chapter 3 Spectral Do
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36 D. Maulik frequency; the image i
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38 D. Maulik flow directionality du
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40 D. Maulik Doppler Velocity Measu
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42 D. Maulik and for the B-mode ima
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44 D. Maulik known as the Fourier P
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46 D. Maulik Fig. 4.17. Total varia
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48 D. Maulik inverted, but not the
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50 D. Maulik of a ventricular pump,
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52 D. Maulik Table 4.3. Hemodynamic
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54 D. Maulik Placental Vascular Cha
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56 D. Maulik: Chapter 4 Spectral Do
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58 T. Kiserud Fig. 5.2. The impact
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60 T. Kiserud Fig. 5.7. The pressur
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62 T. Kiserud Fig. 5.10. Doppler re
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64 T. Kiserud Fig. 5.13. Upper pane
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66 T. Kiserud of umbilical flow in
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Chapter 6 Sonographic Color Flow Ma
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a Chapter 6 Sonographic Color Flow
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Chapter 7 Three-dimensional Color a
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a Chapter 7 Three-dimensional Color
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Chapter 8 Biological Safety of Diag
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a Chapter 8 Biological Safety of Di
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Although the question of inertial o
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114 J. Itskovitz-Eldor, I. Thaler w
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116 J. Itskovitz-Eldor, I. Thaler d
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118 J. Itskovitz-Eldor, I. Thaler F
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120 J. Itskovitz-Eldor, I. Thaler T
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122 J. Itskovitz-Eldor, I. Thaler t
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128 J. Itskovitz-Eldor, I. Thaler 7
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130 J. Itskovitz-Eldor, I. Thaler 8
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Chapter 10 Umbilical Doppler Veloci
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a Chapter 10 Umbilical Doppler Velo
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146 K. MarsÏ—l Fig. 11.2. Record
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148 K. MarsÏ—l total end-diastol
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150 K. MarsÏ—l Table 11.1. Refer
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152 K. MarsÏ—l Fig. 11.11. Absen
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154 K. MarsÏ—l Diabetes Mellitus
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156 K. MarsÏ—l Table 11.5. Follo
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158 K. MarsÏ—l umbilicalis und d
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Chapter 12 Intrauterine Blood Flow
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a Chapter 12 Intrauterine Blood Flo
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l a Chapter 12 Intrauterine Blood F
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178 P. Arbeille et al. Fig. 13.1. I
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180 P. Arbeille et al. Fig. 13.3. I
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182 P. Arbeille et al. Fig. 13.5. a
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184 P. Arbeille et al. Fig. 13.10.
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186 P. Arbeille et al. Cerebral±Um
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188 P. Arbeille et al. moglobin con
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190 P. Arbeille et al. These result
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192 P. Arbeille et al. Fig. 13.15.
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194 P. Arbeille et al. cause IUGR i
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196 P. Arbeille et al. circulation
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Chapter 14 Cerebral Blood Flow Velo
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a Chapter 14 Cerebral Blood Flow Ve
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212 J. C. Veille Doppler Principles
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214 J. C. Veille Fig. 15.5 a±c. No
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216 J. C. Veille Table 15.2. Resist
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218 J. C. Veille response to hypoxi
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220 J. C. Veille Fetal Renal Artery
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222 J. C. Veille cardiac output in
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224 J. C. Veille 28. Silver LE, Des
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Chapter 16 Doppler Velocimetry of t
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a Chapter 16 Doppler Velocimetry of
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Chapter 17 Doppler Velocimetry of t
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data support the view that prostagl
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282 W. J. Ott Table 18.1. Fetal wei
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284 W. J. Ott Fig. 18.4. Umbilical
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286 W. J. Ott diastolic notching in
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288 W. J. Ott Fig. 18.8. Normal (hi
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290 W. J. Ott Fig. 18.10. Normal in
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292 W. J. Ott Fig. 18.14. Non-react
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294 W. J. Ott 21. Tamura RK, Sabbag
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296 W. J. Ott 93. Divon MY (1995) R
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298 W. J. Ott: Chapter 18 Doppler U
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300 H. Odendaal Fig. 19.1. Differen
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302 H. Odendaal Time to Establish t
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304 H. Odendaal were most frequentl
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306 H. Odendaal In addition to lowe
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308 H. Odendaal complications by co
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310 H. Odendaal cal artery: a sign
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Chapter 20 Doppler Velocimetry and
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a Chapter 20 Doppler Velocimetry an
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criterion of a hemoglobin differenc
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Chapter 21 Doppler Sonography in Pr
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a Chapter 21 Doppler Sonography in
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340 A. Lysikiewicz [11]. Hypoprotei
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342 A. Lysikiewicz The splenic arte
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344 A. Lysikiewicz Fig. 22.5. Fetal
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346 A. Lysikiewicz Scalp edema and
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348 A. Lysikiewicz selection of the
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350 A. Lysikiewicz References 1. Da
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Chapter 23 Doppler Velocimetry in P
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a Chapter 23 Doppler Velocimetry in
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Redistribution of fetal cardiac out
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Chapter 24 Doppler Velocimetry for
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a Chapter 24 Doppler Velocimetry fo
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Although comparisons have been made
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Chapter 25 Absent End-Diastolic Vel
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a Chapter 25 Absent End-Diastolic V
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The homeostatic significance of abs
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Chapter 26 Doppler Velocimetry for
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striction or hypertensive disease o
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404 Y. Chiba et al. apex at ventric
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406 Y. Chiba et al. Fig. 27.5. An e
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408 Y. Chiba et al. Fig. 27.12. Bip
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410 Y. Chiba et al. Fig. 27.16. Blo
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Chapter 28 Ductus Venosus Torvid Ki
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a Chapter 28 Ductus Venosus 415 low
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a Chapter 28 Ductus Venosus 417 Fig
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a Chapter 28 Ductus Venosus 419 Fig
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a Chapter 28 Ductus Venosus 421 mor
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a Chapter 28 Ductus Venosus 423 sli
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a Chapter 28 Ductus Venosus 425 men
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a Chapter 28 Ductus Venosus 427 119
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430 A.A. Baschat coronary vessels a
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432 A.A. Baschat Fig. 29.2. The ori
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434 A.A. Baschat Fig. 29.6. The fet
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436 A.A. Baschat Clinical Applicati
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438 A.A. Baschat agement [67±69].
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440 A.A. Baschat 20. Spahr R, Probs
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Chapter 30 Doppler Interrogation of
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a Chapter 30 Doppler Interrogation
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452 R. Chaoui et al. Fig. 31.2. Api
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454 R. Chaoui et al. Fig. 31.7. Spe
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456 R. Chaoui et al. supported by a
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458 R. Chaoui et al. Anomalies of t
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460 R. Chaoui et al. Fig. 31.19. Ca
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462 R. Chaoui et al. Fig. 31.23. In
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Chapter 32 Introduction to Fetal Do
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a Chapter 32 Introduction to Fetal
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486 D. Maulik Table 33.2. Approxima
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488 D. Maulik report in utero worse
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540 D. Arduini, G. Rizzo tween the
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542 D. Arduini, G. Rizzo Fig. 36.2.
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544 D. Arduini, G. Rizzo the condit
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546 D. Arduini, G. Rizzo: Chapter 3
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548 J. C. Huhta et al. The equipmen
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550 J. C. Huhta et al. presence of
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552 J. C. Huhta et al. say of the i
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554 J. C. Huhta et al. amination. I
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556 J. C. Huhta et al.: Chapter 37
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558 I. Zalud, L. D. Platt Fig. 38.1
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562 I. Zalud, L. D. Platt were non-
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564 I. Zalud, L. D. Platt two benig
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568 I. Zalud, L. D. Platt: Chapter
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570 I. Zalud and pulsed-wave Dopple
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572 I. Zalud Fig. 39.4. Corpus lute
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574 I. Zalud Table 39.2. Data on wo
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576 I. Zalud corpus luteum, respect
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578 I. Zalud Previous studies have
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580 I. Zalud cavity is ªcoldº wit
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582 I. Zalud Fig. 39.20. Ipsilatera
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584 I. Zalud However, recent advanc
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586 I. Zalud [60]. If a 50-mg dose
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588 I. Zalud ous increase in the RI
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590 I. Zalud production of progeste
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592 I. Zalud Fig. 39.33. Pulsed-wav
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594 I. Zalud Fig. 39.37. Luteal blo
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596 I. Zalud cal aspects and diagno
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Chapter 40 Doppler Ultrasonography
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a Chapter 40 Doppler Ultrasonograph
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612 Subject Index anomalous ± A-V
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614 Subject Index ± ± cerebral va
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616 Subject Index ± ± absence of
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618 Subject Index ± cerebral Doppl
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620 Subject Index ± therapy 553 in
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622 Subject Index ± systolic/diast
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624 Subject Index postextrasystolic
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626 Subject Index serum estradiol c
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628 Subject Index trisomy 525 troph
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630 Subject Index visceral ± malro
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