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a Chapter 36 Doppler Echocardiographic Studies of Deteriorating Growth-Restricted Fetuses 545 31. Brownwall E, Ross J, Sonnenblick EH (1976) Mechanism of contraction in the normal and failing heart, 2nd edn. Little, Brown, Boston, pp 92±129 32. Takaneka K, Dabestani A, Gardin JM et al (1986) Left ventricular filling in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a pulsed Doppler echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 7:1263±1271 33. Kenny J, Plappert T, Doubilet P, Saltzam D, St John Sutton MG (1987) Effects of heart rate on ventricular size, stroke volume and output in the normal human fetus: a prospective Doppler echocardiographic study. Circulation 76:52±58 34. Rizzo G, Arduini D, Romanini C (1992) Inferior vena cava flow velocity waveforms in appropriate and small for gestational age fetuses. Am J Obstet Gynecol 166: 1271±1280 35. Kiserud T, Eik-Nes LR, Blaas HG, Hellevik LR (1991) Ultrasonographic velocimetry of the ductus venosus. Lancet 338:1139±1145 36. Soregaroli M, Rizzo G, Danti L, Arduini D, Romanini C (1993) Effects of maternal hyperoxygenation on ductus venosus flow velocity waveforms in normal third trimester fetuses. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 3:115±119 37. Hecher K, Campbell S, Snijders R, Nicolaides K (1994) References for fetal venous and atrioventricular blood flow parameters. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 4:381±390 38. Rizzo G, Capponi A, Arduini D, Romanini C (1994) Ductus venosus velocity waveforms in appropriate and small for gestational age fetuses. Early Hum Dev 39:15±22 39. De Vore GR, Horenstein J (1993) Ductus venosus index: a method for evaluating right ventricular preload in the second trimester fetus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 3:338±342 40. Rizzo G, Arduini D, Romanini C (1992) Pulsations in umbilical vein: a physiological finding in early pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 167:675±677 41. Baschat AA, Gembruch U, Weiner CP, Harman CR (2003) Qualitative venous Doppler waveform analysis improves prediction of critical perinatal outcomes in premature growth-restricted fetuses. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 22:240±245 42. Reed KL, Sahn DJ, Scagnelli S, Anderson CF, Shenker L (1986) Doppler echocardiographic studies of diastolic function in the human fetal heart: changes during gestation. J Am Coll Cardiol 8:391±395 43. Kitabatake A, Inoue M, Asao M et al (1983) Noninvasive evaluation of pulmonary hypertension by a pulsed Doppler technique. Circulation 68:302±309 44. Rizzo G, Arduini D, Romanini C, Mancuso S (1990) Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of time to peak velocity in the aorta and pulmonary artery of small for gestational age fetuses. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 97:603±607 45. Machado MVL, Chita SC, Allan LD (1987) Acceleration time in the aorta and pulmonary artery measured by Doppler echocardiography in the midtrimester normal human fetus. Br Heart J 58:15±18 46. Allan LD, Chita SK, Al-Ghazali W, Crawford DC, Tynana M (1987) Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of the normal human fetal heart. Br Heart J 57:528±533 47. De Smedt MCH, Visser GHA, Meijboom EJ (1987) Fetal cardiac output estimated by Doppler echocardiography during mid- and late gestation. Am J Cardiol 60:338± 342 48. Rizzo G, Arduini D (1991) Cardiac output in anencephalic fetuses. Gynecol Obstet Invest 32:33±35 49. Bekedam DJ, Visser GHA, van der Zee AGJ, Snijders R, Poelmann-Weesjes G (1990) Abnormal umbilical artery waveforms patterns in growth retarded fetuses: relationship to antepartum late heart rate decelerations and outcome. Early Hum Dev 24:79±90 50. Hecher K, Campbell S, Doyle P, Harrington K, Nicolaides K (1995) Assessment of fetal compromise by Doppler ultrasound investigation of the fetal circulation. Arterial, intracardiac, and venous blood flow velocity studies. Circulation 92:129±138 51. Hecher K, Bilardo CM, Stigter RH, Ville Y, Hackeloer BJ, Kok HJ, Senat MV, Visser GH (2001) Monitoring of fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction: a longitudinal study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 18:564±570 52. Baschat AA, Gembruch U, Harman CR (2001) The sequence of changes in Doppler and biophysical parameters as severe fetal growth restriction worsens. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 18:571±577 53. Soothill PW, Ajayi RA, Campbell S et al (1992) Relationship between acidemia at cordocentesis and subsequent neurodevelopment. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2:80±84 54. Todds AL, Trudinger BJ, Cole MJ, Cooney GH (1992) Antenatal tests of fetal welfare and development at age 2 years. Am J Obstet Gynecol 167:66±71 55. Copel JA, Schlafer D, Wentworth R et al (1990) Does the umbilical artery systolic/diastolic ratio reflect flow or acidosis? Am J Obstet Gynecol 163:751±756 56. Guiot C, Pianta PG, Todros T (1992) Modelling the feto-placental circulation. 1. A distributed network predicting umbilical hemodynamics throughout pregnancy. Ultrasound Med Biol 18:535±544 57. Todros T, Guiot C, Pianta PG (1992) Modelling the fetoplacental circulation. 2. A continuous approach to explain normal and abnormal flow velocity waveforms in the umbilical artery. Ultrasound Med Biol 18:545±551 58. Vyas S, Nicolaides KH, Campbell S (1989) Renal flowvelocity waveforms in normal and hypoxemic fetuses. Am J Obstet Gynecol 161:168±172 59. Arduini D, Rizzo G (1991) Fetal renal artery velocity waveforms and amniotic fluid volume in growth-retarded and post-term fetuses. Obstet Gynecol 77:370±374 60. Arduini D, Rizzo G, Romanini C (1993) The development of abnormal heart rate patterns after absent end diastolic velocity in umbilical artery: analysis of risk factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 168:43±49 61. Mari G, Wasserstrum N (1991) Flow velocity waveforms of the fetal circulation preceding fetal death in a case of lupus anticoagulant. Am J Obstet Gynecol 164:776±778 62. Rizzo G, Capponi A, Pietropolli A et al (1994) Cardiac and extra-cardiac flow changes preceding intrauterine fetal death. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 4:139±143 63. Richardson BS, Rurak D, Patrick JE, Homan J, Carmichael L (1989) Cerebral oxidative metabolism during sustained hypoxemia in fetal sheep. J Dev Physiol 11: 37±43 64. Weiner Z, Farmakides G, Schulman H, Penny B (1994) Central and peripheral hemodynamic changes in fetuses with absent end-diastolic velocity in umbilical artery: Correlation with computerized fetal heart rate pattern. Am J Obstet Gynecol 170:509±515
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Editor Associate Editor for Gynecol
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Editor Dev Maulik, MD, Ph.D. Winthr
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Preface It is with great pleasure w
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Contents 1 Doppler Sonography: A Br
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a Contents XIII Heart and Great Ves
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a Contents XV 15 Pulsed Doppler Ult
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a Contents XVII 22 Doppler Velocime
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a Contents XIX Clinical Application
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a Contents XXI Terbutaline ........
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XXIV Authors Torvid Kiserud, MD, Ph
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2 D. Maulik Fig. 1.2. Title page of
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4 D. Maulik Fig. 1.4. Model of the
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6 D. Maulik Table 1.1. Feasibility
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Chapter 2 Physical Principles of Do
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a Chapter 2 Physical Principles of
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20 D. Maulik one-fourth of a cycle
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22 D. Maulik arterial [6] hemodynam
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24 D. Maulik nomena. The autoregres
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26 D. Maulik far field the beam pro
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28 D. Maulik Mirror Imaging With th
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30 D. Maulik hand, compromise Doppl
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32 D. Maulik vent of broad bandwidt
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34 D. Maulik: Chapter 3 Spectral Do
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36 D. Maulik frequency; the image i
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38 D. Maulik flow directionality du
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40 D. Maulik Doppler Velocity Measu
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42 D. Maulik and for the B-mode ima
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44 D. Maulik known as the Fourier P
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46 D. Maulik Fig. 4.17. Total varia
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48 D. Maulik inverted, but not the
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50 D. Maulik of a ventricular pump,
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52 D. Maulik Table 4.3. Hemodynamic
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54 D. Maulik Placental Vascular Cha
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56 D. Maulik: Chapter 4 Spectral Do
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58 T. Kiserud Fig. 5.2. The impact
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60 T. Kiserud Fig. 5.7. The pressur
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62 T. Kiserud Fig. 5.10. Doppler re
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64 T. Kiserud Fig. 5.13. Upper pane
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66 T. Kiserud of umbilical flow in
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Chapter 6 Sonographic Color Flow Ma
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a Chapter 6 Sonographic Color Flow
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Chapter 7 Three-dimensional Color a
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a Chapter 7 Three-dimensional Color
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Chapter 8 Biological Safety of Diag
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a Chapter 8 Biological Safety of Di
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Although the question of inertial o
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114 J. Itskovitz-Eldor, I. Thaler w
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116 J. Itskovitz-Eldor, I. Thaler d
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118 J. Itskovitz-Eldor, I. Thaler F
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120 J. Itskovitz-Eldor, I. Thaler T
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122 J. Itskovitz-Eldor, I. Thaler t
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128 J. Itskovitz-Eldor, I. Thaler 7
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130 J. Itskovitz-Eldor, I. Thaler 8
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Chapter 10 Umbilical Doppler Veloci
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a Chapter 10 Umbilical Doppler Velo
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146 K. MarsÏ—l Fig. 11.2. Record
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148 K. MarsÏ—l total end-diastol
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150 K. MarsÏ—l Table 11.1. Refer
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152 K. MarsÏ—l Fig. 11.11. Absen
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154 K. MarsÏ—l Diabetes Mellitus
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156 K. MarsÏ—l Table 11.5. Follo
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158 K. MarsÏ—l umbilicalis und d
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Chapter 12 Intrauterine Blood Flow
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a Chapter 12 Intrauterine Blood Flo
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l a Chapter 12 Intrauterine Blood F
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178 P. Arbeille et al. Fig. 13.1. I
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180 P. Arbeille et al. Fig. 13.3. I
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182 P. Arbeille et al. Fig. 13.5. a
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184 P. Arbeille et al. Fig. 13.10.
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186 P. Arbeille et al. Cerebral±Um
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188 P. Arbeille et al. moglobin con
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190 P. Arbeille et al. These result
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192 P. Arbeille et al. Fig. 13.15.
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194 P. Arbeille et al. cause IUGR i
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196 P. Arbeille et al. circulation
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Chapter 14 Cerebral Blood Flow Velo
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a Chapter 14 Cerebral Blood Flow Ve
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212 J. C. Veille Doppler Principles
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214 J. C. Veille Fig. 15.5 a±c. No
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216 J. C. Veille Table 15.2. Resist
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218 J. C. Veille response to hypoxi
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220 J. C. Veille Fetal Renal Artery
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222 J. C. Veille cardiac output in
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224 J. C. Veille 28. Silver LE, Des
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Chapter 16 Doppler Velocimetry of t
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a Chapter 16 Doppler Velocimetry of
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Chapter 17 Doppler Velocimetry of t
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data support the view that prostagl
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282 W. J. Ott Table 18.1. Fetal wei
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284 W. J. Ott Fig. 18.4. Umbilical
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286 W. J. Ott diastolic notching in
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288 W. J. Ott Fig. 18.8. Normal (hi
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290 W. J. Ott Fig. 18.10. Normal in
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292 W. J. Ott Fig. 18.14. Non-react
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294 W. J. Ott 21. Tamura RK, Sabbag
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296 W. J. Ott 93. Divon MY (1995) R
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298 W. J. Ott: Chapter 18 Doppler U
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300 H. Odendaal Fig. 19.1. Differen
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302 H. Odendaal Time to Establish t
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304 H. Odendaal were most frequentl
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306 H. Odendaal In addition to lowe
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308 H. Odendaal complications by co
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310 H. Odendaal cal artery: a sign
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Chapter 20 Doppler Velocimetry and
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a Chapter 20 Doppler Velocimetry an
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criterion of a hemoglobin differenc
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Chapter 21 Doppler Sonography in Pr
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a Chapter 21 Doppler Sonography in
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340 A. Lysikiewicz [11]. Hypoprotei
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342 A. Lysikiewicz The splenic arte
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344 A. Lysikiewicz Fig. 22.5. Fetal
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346 A. Lysikiewicz Scalp edema and
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348 A. Lysikiewicz selection of the
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350 A. Lysikiewicz References 1. Da
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Chapter 23 Doppler Velocimetry in P
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a Chapter 23 Doppler Velocimetry in
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Redistribution of fetal cardiac out
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Chapter 24 Doppler Velocimetry for
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a Chapter 24 Doppler Velocimetry fo
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Although comparisons have been made
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Chapter 25 Absent End-Diastolic Vel
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a Chapter 25 Absent End-Diastolic V
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The homeostatic significance of abs
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Chapter 26 Doppler Velocimetry for
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striction or hypertensive disease o
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404 Y. Chiba et al. apex at ventric
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406 Y. Chiba et al. Fig. 27.5. An e
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408 Y. Chiba et al. Fig. 27.12. Bip
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410 Y. Chiba et al. Fig. 27.16. Blo
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Chapter 28 Ductus Venosus Torvid Ki
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a Chapter 28 Ductus Venosus 415 low
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a Chapter 28 Ductus Venosus 417 Fig
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a Chapter 28 Ductus Venosus 419 Fig
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a Chapter 28 Ductus Venosus 421 mor
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a Chapter 28 Ductus Venosus 423 sli
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a Chapter 28 Ductus Venosus 425 men
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a Chapter 28 Ductus Venosus 427 119
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430 A.A. Baschat coronary vessels a
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432 A.A. Baschat Fig. 29.2. The ori
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434 A.A. Baschat Fig. 29.6. The fet
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436 A.A. Baschat Clinical Applicati
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438 A.A. Baschat agement [67±69].
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440 A.A. Baschat 20. Spahr R, Probs
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Chapter 30 Doppler Interrogation of
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a Chapter 30 Doppler Interrogation
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452 R. Chaoui et al. Fig. 31.2. Api
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454 R. Chaoui et al. Fig. 31.7. Spe
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456 R. Chaoui et al. supported by a
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458 R. Chaoui et al. Anomalies of t
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460 R. Chaoui et al. Fig. 31.19. Ca
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462 R. Chaoui et al. Fig. 31.23. In
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Chapter 32 Introduction to Fetal Do
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a Chapter 32 Introduction to Fetal
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486 D. Maulik Table 33.2. Approxima
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488 D. Maulik report in utero worse
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490 D. Maulik Fig. 33.3. Spectral D
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492 D. Maulik Fig. 33.7. Color Dopp
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494 D. Maulik Fig. 33.11. Color flo
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496 D. Maulik Fig. 33.14 A,B. Fetal
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498 D. Maulik anteroposterior devia
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500 D. Maulik Fig. 33.20. Echocardi
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502 D. Maulik Fig. 33.23. Pulmonary
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504 D. Maulik of the cardiac sarcol
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506 D. Maulik tant experimental mil
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Chapter 34 Four-Dimensional B-Mode
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a Chapter 34 Four-Dimensional B-Mod
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Chapter 35 Doppler Echocardiographi
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570 I. Zalud and pulsed-wave Dopple
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572 I. Zalud Fig. 39.4. Corpus lute
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574 I. Zalud Table 39.2. Data on wo
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576 I. Zalud corpus luteum, respect
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578 I. Zalud Previous studies have
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580 I. Zalud cavity is ªcoldº wit
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582 I. Zalud Fig. 39.20. Ipsilatera
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584 I. Zalud However, recent advanc
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586 I. Zalud [60]. If a 50-mg dose
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588 I. Zalud ous increase in the RI
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590 I. Zalud production of progeste
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592 I. Zalud Fig. 39.33. Pulsed-wav
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594 I. Zalud Fig. 39.37. Luteal blo
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596 I. Zalud cal aspects and diagno
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Chapter 40 Doppler Ultrasonography
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a Chapter 40 Doppler Ultrasonograph
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612 Subject Index anomalous ± A-V
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614 Subject Index ± ± cerebral va
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616 Subject Index ± ± absence of
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618 Subject Index ± cerebral Doppl
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620 Subject Index ± therapy 553 in
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622 Subject Index ± systolic/diast
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624 Subject Index postextrasystolic
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626 Subject Index serum estradiol c
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628 Subject Index trisomy 525 troph
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630 Subject Index visceral ± malro
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