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a Chapter 9 Fetal and Maternal Cardiovascular Physiology 129<br />

45. Caton D, Abrams RM, Clapp JF, Barron DH (1974) The<br />

effect of exogenous progesterone on the rate of blood<br />

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46. Caton D, Kalra PS (1986) Endogenous hormones and<br />

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47. Rosenfeld CR, West J (1977) Circulatory response to<br />

systemic infusion of norepinephrine in the pregnant<br />

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48. Novy MJ, Thomas CL, Lees MH (1975) Uterine contractility<br />

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49. Greiss FC Jr, Anderson SG, Still JG (1976) Uterine pressure-flow<br />

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50. Berman W, Goodlin RC, Heymann MA, Rudolph AM<br />

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51. Lyon CK, Scott JB, Wang CY (1980) Flow through<br />

collapsible tubes at low Reynolds numbers. Circ Res<br />

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52. Harbert GM Jr (1977) Biorhythms of the pregnant<br />

uterus (Macaca mulatta). Am J Obstet Gynecol 129:<br />

401±408<br />

53. Wilkening RB, Meschia G (1983) Fetal oxygen uptake,<br />

oxygenation, and acid-base balance as a function of<br />

uterine blood flow. Am J Physiol 244:H749±H755<br />

54. Boyle JW, Lotgering FK, Longo LD (1984) Acute embolization<br />

of the uteroplacental circulation: uterine blood<br />

flow and placental CO diffusing capacity. J Dev Physiol<br />

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55. Gu W, Jones CT, Parer JT (1985) Metabolic and cardiovascular<br />

effects on fetal sheep of sustained reduction of<br />

uterine blood flow. J Physiol (Lond) 368:109±129<br />

56. Creasy RK, Barrett CT, De Swiet M, Kahanpaa KV, Rudolph<br />

AM (1972) Experimental intrauterine growth retardation<br />

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573<br />

57. Owens JA, Falconer J, Robinson JS (1986) Effect of restriction<br />

of placental growth on umbilical and uterine<br />

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58. Clapp JF, Szete HH, Larrow R, Hewitt J, Mann LI<br />

(1980) Umbilical blood flow response to embolization<br />

of the uterine circulation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 138:60±<br />

67<br />

59. ltskovitz J, LaGamma EF, Rudolph AM (1983) The effect<br />

of reducing umbilical blood flow on fetal oxygenation.<br />

Am J Obstet Gynecol 145:813±818<br />

60. Rudolph AM (1985) Distribution and regulation of<br />

blood flow in the fetal and neonatal lamb. Circ Res<br />

57:811±821<br />

61. Rudolph AM, Heymann MA (1967) The circulation of<br />

the fetus in utero. Circ Res 21:163±184<br />

62. Anderson DF, Bissonnette JM, Faber JJ, Thornburg KL<br />

(1981) Central shunt flows and pressures in the mature<br />

fetal lamb. Am J Physiol 241:H60±H66<br />

63. Rudolph AM, Heymann MA (1975) Circulatory changes<br />

during growth in the fetal lamb. Circ Res 26:289±299<br />

64. Maulik D, Nanda NC (1985) Doppler echocardiography.<br />

Part IV. Fetal Doppler echocardiography. Echocardiography<br />

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65. Kenny JF, Plappert T, Saltzman DH et al (1986)<br />

Changes in intracardiac flow velocities and right and<br />

left ventricular stroke volumes with gestational age in<br />

the normal human fetus: a prospective Doppler echocardiographic<br />

study. Circulation 74:1208±1216<br />

66. DeSmedt MCH, Visser GHA, Meijboom EJ (1987) Fetal<br />

cardiac output estimated by Doppler echocardiography<br />

during mid- and late-gestation. Am J Cardiol 60:338±<br />

342<br />

67. Allan LD, Chita SK, Al-Ghazali W, Crawford DC, Tynan<br />

M (1987) Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of the<br />

normal human fetal heart. Br Heart J 57:528±533<br />

68. Mielke G, Benda N (2001) Cardiac output and central<br />

distribution of blood flow in the human fetus. Circulation<br />

102:1662±1668<br />

69. Griffin D, Cohen-Overbeek T, Campbell S (1983) Fetal<br />

and uteroplacental blood flow. Clin Obstet Gynecol<br />

10:565±602<br />

70. Morrow R, Ritchie K (1989) Doppler ultrasound fetal<br />

velocimetry and its role in obstetrics. Clin Perinatol<br />

16:771±778<br />

71. Behrman RE, Lees MH, Peterson EN, De Lannoy CW,<br />

Seeds AE (1970) Distribution of the circulation in the<br />

normal and asphyxiated fetal primate. Am J Obstet Gynecol<br />

108:956±969<br />

72. Rudolph AM (1985) Organization and control in the fetal<br />

circulation. In: Jones CT, Nathaniels PW (eds) The<br />

physiological development of the fetus and newborn.<br />

Academic Press, London, pp 343±353<br />

73. Rizzo C, Anduini D, Romanini C, Mancuso S (1988)<br />

Doppler echocardiographic assessment of atrioventricular<br />

velocity waveforms in normal and small-for-gestational<br />

age fetuses. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 95:65±69<br />

74. Reed KL, Appleton CP, Sahn DJ, Anderson CF (1989)<br />

Human fetal tricuspid and mitral deceleration time:<br />

changes with normal pregnancy and intrauterine<br />

growth retardation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 161:1532±<br />

1533<br />

75. Fouron JC, Carceller AM (1993) Determinants of the<br />

Doppler flow velocity profile through the mitral valve<br />

of the human fetus. Br Heart J 70:457±460<br />

76. Bennet ED, Barclay SA, Davis AL, Mannering D, Netha<br />

N (1984) Ascending aortic blood velocity and acceleration<br />

using Doppler ultrasound in the assessment of left<br />

ventricular function. Cardiovasc Res 18:632±638<br />

77. Machado MVL, Chita SC, Allan LD (1987) Acceleration<br />

time in the aorta and pulmonary artery measured by<br />

Doppler echocardiography in the midtrimester normal<br />

human fetus. Br Heart J 58:15±18<br />

78. Rizzo G, Anduini D, Romanini C, Mancuso S (1990)<br />

Doppler echocardiography assessment of time to peak<br />

velocity in the aorta and pulmonary artery of small for<br />

gestational age fetuses. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 97:603±<br />

607<br />

79. Guyton AC (1981) The relationship of cardiac output<br />

and arterial pressure control. Circulation 64:1079±1088<br />

80. Gilbert RD (1980) Control of the cardiac output during<br />

changes in blood volume. Am J Physiol 238:H80±H86

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