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a Chapter 7 Three-dimensional Color and Power Doppler Ultrasonography of the Fetal Cardiovascular System 91
Table 7.5. Conditions for potential 3D power Doppler application
in the pulmonary region
Cystic lung malformations
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Bronchopulmonary sequestration
Vessel anatomy or ramification in lung hypoplasia
Fig. 7.14. Three-dimensional PDU of a vein of Galen aneurysm
at 22 weeks gestation with the dilated vessel between
the hemispheres and in the posterior fossa
Table 7.4. Conditions for potential 3D power Doppler application
in the intracranial region
Abnormal anterior cerebral artery in agenesis of the corpus
callosum
Aneurysm of the vein of Galen
Severe cerebral malformations (holoprosencephaly,
hydrocephaly, encephalocele, etc.)
Lung Vessels
Proximal and peripheral lung arteries and veins can
be seen from their origin to the peripheral pulmonary
segments. Especially the right lung can be assessed
even by a less experienced examiner. Potential
fields of interest include the analysis of the 3D vessel
architecture in cystic lung malformations, congenital
diaphragmatic hernia, and in bronchopulmonary sequestration.
In the latter condition 3D power Doppler
facilitates the visualization of the abnormal systemic
vessel that feeds the sequester. Application fields are
listed in Table 7.5.
Fetal Tumors or Aberrant Vessels
Aberrant vessels can be visualized in the presence of
several malformations such as choriangioma, lymphangioma
sacrococcygeal teratoma (Fig. 7.15), and
acardiac twin. The visualization of the vascular pattern
of fetal tumors is not only interesting because of
Table 7.6. Conditions for potential 3D power Doppler application
in tumors and aberrant vessels
Chorangioma
Teratoma
Acrania (TRAP)
Hemangioma
Renal tumors
Cardiac rhabdomyoma
Fig. 7.15. Three-dimensional surface
and 3D PDU images of a sacrococcygeal
teratoma at 22 weeks gestation.
The tumor is not highly vascularized