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a Subject Index 619<br />

± PI 590<br />

± RI 590<br />

± velocity of blood flow 590<br />

Fontan operation 497<br />

Food and Drug Administration<br />

(FDA) 95<br />

foramen ovale 413, 415, 193, 518,<br />

519, 538, 553<br />

± 4D color Doppler 512<br />

± valve 477<br />

four-chamber view 468<br />

four-dimensional (4D) echocardiography<br />

509, 515<br />

Fourier transform<br />

± discrete 21<br />

± fast (FFT) 21<br />

Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph 21<br />

frame rate 75<br />

Franklin, Dean 5<br />

Frank-Starling<br />

± effect 420<br />

± mechanism 59<br />

± phenomenon<br />

± ± Doppler flow changes 500<br />

± ± in the fetal heart 501<br />

free umbilical vein 372<br />

functional cyst 575<br />

fundal perforation 574<br />

G<br />

gain 607<br />

gamma globulin 349<br />

genetic amniocentesis 379<br />

geometric<br />

± broadening 23<br />

± data assembly 566<br />

gestational<br />

± age effect<br />

± ± duration of pregnancy 138<br />

± ± end-diastolic forward flow 137<br />

± ± end-diastolic velocity 137<br />

± ± fetal heart rate effect 139<br />

± ± fetoplacental flow impedance<br />

138<br />

± ± heart rate 138<br />

± ± mechanism of the heart rate effect<br />

139<br />

± ± total variance of the indices 139<br />

± ± total variance of the umbilical arterial<br />

Doppler indices 138<br />

± ± villous vascular system 138<br />

± diabetes<br />

± ± negative/positive predictive 334<br />

± ± sensitivity 334<br />

± ± specificity 334<br />

± ± uterine Doppler 334<br />

± trophoblastic disease 574<br />

ghost signal 81<br />

glass-body display 513<br />

global myocardial ischemia 438<br />

grayscale image 74<br />

great artery transposition 498<br />

GRIT study 306, 392<br />

growth<br />

± curve 281<br />

± discordance 315<br />

± growth-restricted fetus 177, 372,<br />

446, 447<br />

± of the umbilical fetal vessel 447<br />

± restriction 315, 445<br />

± ± intervention trial (GRIT) 392<br />

guanylate cyclase 260<br />

guidelines for clinical application<br />

± ALARA principle 107<br />

± IPDS recommendation 107<br />

H<br />

b-hCG titer 575<br />

head circumference 447<br />

heart<br />

± disease 405<br />

± gland-sparing 437<br />

± heart-sparing effect 436<br />

± rate variability 372<br />

heat shock protein 70 270<br />

HELLP syndrome 304<br />

hemodynamic information 488<br />

± directionality of flow 37<br />

± down-stream flow impedance 37<br />

± flow velocity profile 37<br />

± presence of flow 37<br />

± quantity of flow 37<br />

hemoglobin Bart's 203<br />

hemolysis 202<br />

hepatic<br />

± vascular bed 121<br />

± inferior vena cava 538<br />

heterogeneity 392, 395<br />

heterotopic pregnancy<br />

± ultrasonography 586<br />

HI 186, 188<br />

high<br />

± blood pressure in adult life 170<br />

± PRF 77<br />

± reverse flow in the IVC 406<br />

± right ventricular afterload 531<br />

± velocity and turbulent flow<br />

± ± fetal congenital heart block 491<br />

± ± hypoplastic chambers 491<br />

± ± stenotic lesions 491<br />

± ± tricuspid atresia 491<br />

higher end-diastolic flow 340<br />

high-output failure 530<br />

high-pass filter 20, 77, 376, 393, 607<br />

high-risk pregnancy, meta-analysis<br />

304<br />

high-velocity vessel 570<br />

histamine 261<br />

histogram facility 558<br />

homozygous alpha-thalassemia-1<br />

(hemoglobin Bart's) 203<br />

hormone replacement therapy 574<br />

hostile uterine environment<br />

± uterine artery blood flow 588<br />

hourglass appearance of the<br />

uterus 583<br />

Hue 72<br />

human<br />

± fetal right ventricular dominance<br />

482<br />

± uterine circulation 227<br />

± ± arterial anastomose 227<br />

hydronephrosis 220<br />

hydropic fetuse 410<br />

hydrops 323, 345, 405<br />

± fetalis 525<br />

± ± increase in cardiac output 531<br />

± ± mitral regurgitation 531<br />

± ± serial cardiac velocity flow studies<br />

531<br />

± ± spontaneous remission 530<br />

± ± tricuspid regurgitation 531<br />

± ± twin-twin transfusion syndrome<br />

530<br />

hydrothorax 406<br />

hyperemic region 605<br />

hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic<br />

clamp 332<br />

hyperosmolar glucose 585<br />

hyperoxygenation test<br />

± pulmonary hypoplasia 555<br />

hyperplastic arteriosclerosis 230<br />

hypertension 249<br />

± in pregnancy 299<br />

hypertrophic right ventricle 497<br />

hypogastric artery 572<br />

hypoglycemia 381<br />

hypoxia 177, 218<br />

± evolution 185<br />

± index (HI) 183, 186, 187<br />

hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography<br />

564<br />

I<br />

idiopathic arterial calcification<br />

± biphosphonates 438<br />

± fetal death 438<br />

± fetal hydrops 438<br />

± steroids 438<br />

± tissue ischemia 438<br />

iliac vein 570<br />

image<br />

± acquisition 510<br />

± display 510<br />

± processing 510<br />

± rendering 86<br />

immediate delivery 398<br />

improvement of cardiac lesion in utero<br />

± left heart hypoplasia 488<br />

± utero closure of ventricular septal<br />

defect 488<br />

in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic<br />

sperm injection (IVF/ICSI)<br />

cycle 561<br />

increased ventricular compliance 523<br />

increasing Doppler index 398<br />

indomethacin 219, 532, 547, 551, 552<br />

± indomethacin-induced ductal constriction<br />

554

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