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556 J. C. Huhta et al.: Chapter 37 Evaluation of Pulmonary and Ductal Vasculature<br />

cardium. The future will see improved methods of fetal<br />

testing to assess the effects of both preterm labor<br />

and its treatment on the fetal circulation.<br />

References<br />

1. Huhta JC, Moise KJ, Fisher DJ et al (1987) Detection<br />

and quantitation of constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus<br />

by Doppler echocardiography. Circulation<br />

75:406±412<br />

2. Moise KJ, Huhta JC, Sharif DS et al (1988) Indomethacin<br />

in the treatment of premature labor: effects on the<br />

fetal ductus arteriosus. N Engl J Med 319:727±731<br />

3. Levin DL, Mills LJ, Parkey M, Garriott J, Campbell W<br />

(1979) Constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus after<br />

administration of indomethacin to the pregnant ewe.<br />

Pediatrics 94:647±650<br />

4. Huhta JC, Cohen A, Wood DC (1990) Premature constriction<br />

of the ductus arteriosus. J Am Soc Echocardiogr<br />

3:30±34<br />

5. Levin DL, Mills LJ, Weinberg AG (1979) Hemodynamic,<br />

pulmonary vascular, and myocardial abnormalities secondary<br />

to pharmacologic constriction of the fetal ductus<br />

arteriosus. Circulation 60:360±364<br />

6. Momma K, Takao A (1989) Right ventricular concentric<br />

hypertrophy and left ventricular dilatation by ductal<br />

constriction in fetal rats. Circ Res 64:1137±1146<br />

7. Wild LM, Nickerson PA, Morin III FC (1989) Ligating<br />

the ductus arteriosus before birth remodels the pulmonary<br />

vasculature of the lamb. Pediatr Res 25:251±257<br />

8. Morin III FC (1989) Ligating the ductus arteriosus<br />

birth causes persistent pulmonary hypertension in the<br />

newborn lamb. Pediatr Res 25:245±250<br />

9. Sharif DS, Huhta JC, Moise KJ, Morrow RW, Yoon GY<br />

(1990) Changes in fetal hemodynamics with terbutaline<br />

treatment and premature labor. J Clin Ultrasound<br />

18:85±89<br />

10. Gudmundsson S, Huhta JC, Wood DC et al (1991) Venous<br />

Doppler ultrasonography in the fetus with nonimmune<br />

hydrops. Am J Obstet Gynecol 164:33±37<br />

11. Tulzer G et al (1994) Doppler in hydrops non-immune<br />

fetalis. Ultrasound in Obstet Gynecol 4:279±283<br />

12. Respondek ML, Kammermeier M, Ludomirsky A, Weil<br />

SR, Huhta JC (1994) The prevalence and clinical significance<br />

of fetal tricuspid valve regurgitation. Am J Obstet<br />

Gynecol 171:1265±1270<br />

13. Tulzer G, Gudmundsson S, Sharkey A et al (1991) Doppler<br />

echocardiography of fetal ductus arteriosus constriction<br />

versus increased right ventricular output. J<br />

am Cell Cardiol 18:532±536<br />

14. Rasanen J, Wood DC, Weiner S, Ludomirski A, Huhta<br />

JC (1996) Role of the pulmonary circulation in the distribution<br />

of human fetal cardiac output during the second<br />

half of pregnancy. Circulation 94:1068±1073<br />

15. Rasanen J, Debbs RH, Wood DC, Weiner S, Huhta JC<br />

(1999) The effects of maternal indomethacin therapy<br />

on human fetal branch pulmonary arterial vascular impedance.<br />

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 13:112±116<br />

16. Rasanen J, Wood DC, Debbs RH, Cohen J, Weiner S,<br />

Huhta JC (1998) Reactivity of the human fetal pulmonary<br />

circulation to maternal hyperoxygenation increases<br />

during the second half of pregnancy: a randomized<br />

study. Circulation 97:257±262<br />

17. Broth RE, Wood DC, Rasanen J, Sabogal JC, Komwilaisak<br />

R, Weiner S, Berghella V (2002) Prenatal prediction<br />

of lethal pulmonary hypoplasia: the hyperoxygenation<br />

test for pulmonary artery reactivity. Am J Obstet Gynecol<br />

187:940±945<br />

18. Sylvester KG, Rasanen J, Kitano Y, Flake AW, Crombleholme<br />

TM, Adzick NS (1998) Tracheal occlusion reverses<br />

the high impedance to flow in the fetal pulmonary<br />

circulation and normalizes its physiological response<br />

to oxygen at full term. J Pediatr Surg 33:1071±<br />

1074; discussion 1074±1075

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