RA 00048.pdf - OAR@ICRISAT

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Grain Marketing in the W e s t African Semi-Arid Tropics J. R. Sherman 647 and 1. Ouedraogo Sorghum Marketing in India M . von O p p e n 659 and P. P. Rao S o m e Important Socioeconomic Issues Concerning H. R. Arakeri 675 Sorghum in India Research Systems L Busch 689 and W. B. Lacy Discussant - 1 J. G. Ryan 699 Discussant - 2 D. B. Jones 717 Discussion 723 S e s s i o n 9 — P l e n a r y S e s s i o n 725 Recommendations 727 Valedictory Speech A. H. Bunting 735 A p p e n d i x 1 — S h o r t C o m m u n i c a t i o n s 739 A p p e n d i x 2 — P o s t e r Sessions 749 A p p e n d i x 3 — P r e s e n t a t i o n o f A w a r d a n d L e c t u r e J. R. Quinby 759 A p p e n d i x 4 — P a r t i c i p a n t s a n d O b s e r v e r s 769 vi
Foreword In October 1971 in Hyderabad, India an international s y m p o s i u m on sorghum w a s held w h i c h examined and reviewed the then scientific, production, and nutritional k n o w l e d g e of sorghum as a crop and as a human food. A l m o s t exactly 10 years later, ICRISAT hosted Sorghum in the E i g h t i e s — a n international s y m p o s i u m sponsored by USAID Title XII Collaborative Research Support Program on Sorghum and Pearl Millet (INTSORMIL); the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR); and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). It w a s felt by the organizers that because so m u c h knowledge and information had been attained in the intervening 10 years, scientists should m e e t again. Consequently, 245 scientists from 37 countries attended the Symposium f r o m 2 to 7 N o v e m b e r 1981 at ICRISAT Center near Hyderabad. They examined and evaluated the achievements made in the last decade, discussed the current problems, and made recommendations for future research and other activities. The participants s h o w e d a critical awareness of sorghum's role as an important cereal for food, feed, construction material, and fuel in the developed and the developing countries. On a w o r l d production and utilization basis, sorghum ranks fifth after w h e a t , rice, maize and barley. About 9 0 % of the total production and 9 0 % of the harvested area are located in 12 countries in Asia, the Americas, Africa, and Oceania. S o r g h u m is one of the main staple food grains of the world's poorest people, particularly in the semi-arid tropics (SAT). Over 5 5 % of world sorghum production is in the SAT. Of the total SAT production, Asia and Africa contribute about 6 5 % , of w h i c h 3 4 % is harvested in India. Matters of considerable concern are that s o r g h u m production is growing more slowly than population and that the food situation in parts of Africa is rapidly deteriorating. Situations such as these clearly indicate that more socioeconomic factors will need to be taken into account to guide and influence the direction of future scientific research on sorghum. The deliberations and discussions during the S y m p o s i u m on factors related to s o rghum and its environment, including climate, insects, fungi, and birds; the genetic resources; breeding for improvement; production technology; food quality and utilization; and the socioeconomic issues s h o w e d that many studies will still have to be made to further unravel the potentialities of this cereal. Sharp notice has been taken of research fields w h e r e there has been little progress in the last 10 years. A main value of the S y m p o s i u m has been to determine w o r k priorities for ICRISAT and the national programs in the SAT, and to emphasize the need for continued cooperation w i t h other institutions. Sorghum in the Eighties has been a rewarding S y m p o s i u m w h i c h has not lost sight of the basic objective to increase the yield and production of better sorghum to feed people. I believe that the Proceedings of Sorghum in the Eighties will be a prominent benchmark for our future studies and perspectives on sorghum in the next decade. L.D. Swindale Director General VII
Page 1: SORGHUM IN THE EIGHTIES Volume 2 In
Page 5 and 6: Sorghum in the Eighties Proceedings
Page 7 and 8: C o n t e n t s Volume 1 F o r e w
Page 9: Breeding for Pest Resistance in Sor
Page 15 and 16: Cropping Systems with Sorghum R. W.
Page 17 and 18: than sole sorghum. If a row arrange
Page 19 and 20: the staple cereal. Baker (1979b) ha
Page 21 and 22: may often be greater under low fert
Page 23 and 24: Ratoon Systems The importance of ra
Page 25 and 26: the associated crop can all be defi
Page 27 and 28: MANDAL, R. C, VIDYABHUSHANAM, R. V.
Page 29 and 30: Crop Management M. D. Clegg* The ge
Page 31 and 32: systems. Maize has generally been g
Page 33 and 34: the next crop. A similar harvesting
Page 35: UNGER, P. W., and STEWART, B. A. 19
Page 38 and 39: programs to evolve closed pedigree
Page 40 and 41: ally one would go back to breeder's
Page 42 and 43: egion after a careful study of fact
Page 45 and 46: The Mechanization of Millet and Sor
Page 47 and 48: was soon used with a pair of bulloc
Page 49 and 50: should be understood that workers f
Page 51 and 52: • The under-utilization of certai
Page 53 and 54: season makes these animals incapabl
Page 55: we will assist in over-equipping th
Page 58 and 59: contain more clay and considerable
Page 60 and 61:
uncertain moisture are the rule in
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a. Transfer of existing local varie
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JHA. D. 1980. Fertilizer use and it
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proved postharvest grain systems ar
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most developing countries, farmers
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The first concern of research and d
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to be investigated further to devis
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Session 6 Production Technology L R
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seed production by autonomous indep
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educed because of shading compared
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Willey Millet/groundnut Intercroppi
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Sorghum Dry Milling R. D. Reichert*
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machines, abrasive elements are mou
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Hopper Dehuller Motor Rubber cone E
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T o c y c l o n e Bran FAN G r a i
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Hopper Head cover Metal screen Meta
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Somdiaa Mill: Bonfora, Upper Volta
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Figure 11. Photograph of the modifi
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JONES, R. W., and BECKWITH, A. C. 1
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Industrial Milling of Sorghum for t
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Plate 1 :a. The sorghum mixture (1)
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A D B C E Figure 2. The United Mill
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EGGUM. B. 0., BACH KNUDSEN, K. E.,
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thickness within a kernel and betwe
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3. Thick porridge —to, tuwo. ugal
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Table 2. lnjera quality parameters
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Table 5. Sankati quality characteri
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Table 7. Overall acceptability of t
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swelling power and starch solubilit
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C r o s s i n g b l o c k p a r e n
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AID/DSAN/XII/6-0149 from the Agency
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ROONEY, L. W.. and KIRLEIS, A. 1979
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Table 1. Percent crude protein, 96
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proved protein quality and total gr
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distilled water for 3 hr. The M 1 p
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4 0 Low y i e l d c l a s s (22) M
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Table 7. Comparison of results from
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Table 10. Effect of fermentation an
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fermented Sudanese kisra and abrey
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Sorghum as an Energy Source R. E. S
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Table 1. Source Corn Grains, total
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S w e e t s o r g h u m s y r u p v
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October and November (Fig 1) In thi
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Table 4. Comparison of juice qualit
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(80)20 BR 500 (Rio) Brix (% juice)
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Table 6. Agricultural and Industria
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Sweet sorghum Stalks (75%) Leaves (
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Development of Basic Studies Seedli
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Agricultural Experiment Station, Te
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• It converts sorghum as a conven
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Session 7 Food Quality and Utilizat
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Session 8 Socioeconomic Considerati
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1. Climatological and physical cond
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why a substantial percentage of far
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An example of the possible problem
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Although those would appear to enco
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Changes from Farm-level Food Self-s
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appear to be merit in strengthening
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TIFFEN. M. 1976. The enterprising p
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egional sense are well known. It is
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to commercial sale. ONCAO sold to p
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interpretations can be given to the
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esearch can concentrate on the most
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Sorghum Marketing in India M. von O
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Table 2. Area, production, and yiel
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Table 4. Production and percentage
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Seasonal Price Variation of S o r g
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Name o f s t a t e P r o d u c t i
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Index 350 340 330 320 3 1 0 3 0 0 2
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Figure 6. Average sorghum prices in
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Table 8. Regression coefficients (t
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Some Important Socioeconomic Issues
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areas in t h e s e zones can be ret
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urgently to tackle t h e p r o b l
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T a b l e 5 . P r o j e c t e d a r
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eports of t h e N C A (1972; 1976c)
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T a b l e 7 . P h y s i c a l a n d
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t i m e l y supply of quality chemi
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Model I: Diffusion Model I I : Feed
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International ICRISAT More develope
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find that their linkage w i t h t h
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A s w e look t o t h e eighties, w
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countries, w h e r e p r o d u c t
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26 24 Karnataka 22 2 0 Maharashtra
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to not result in vastly different c
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c o s t s represent 2 9 % of its na
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T a b l e 7 . S t a t e i n t e r v
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Sorghum Breeding Strategies In Indi
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areas of t h e semi-arid tropics w
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VON OPPEN, M., and RAO, P. P. 1982.
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farmers. I am not sure that this ge
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t r u e in s o m e areas, but I can
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Page 262:
Session 9 Plenary Session Chairman:
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2.1.4 N e e d for i m p r o v e d i
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taxa retain variation that w a s lo
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ing rice; s o r g h u m on l o w -
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Valedictory Speech A. H. Bunting* M
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in agriculture m a y be m a d e . "
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Appendix 1 Short Communications
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Results indicated that stover yield
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grain was assessed for grain mold b
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Mutational Studies in Sorghum C. S.
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The Contribution of IRAT to the Dev
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Poster Session The following papers
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The Starch for Apospory in Sorghum
Page 292 and 293:
A Grain Yield Development in a Hybr
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Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria Associated
Page 298 and 299:
Presentation of Award J. Roy Q u i
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Lecture After Presentation of Award
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prepared by Dr. M o r g a n , have
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i n g s of t h e International S h
Page 307 and 308:
P a r t i c i p a n t s , I n t e r
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India S. S. Adkoli Plant Pathology
Page 311 and 312:
B. B. Reddy Plant Breeding IARI Reg
Page 313 and 314:
O. Sidiba Institut du Sahel B.P. 15
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Siwaporn Siwawej Food Science and T
Page 317 and 318:
W. H. M. Morris Agricultural Econom
Page 319 and 320:
P E A R L MIILLET T R A I N I N G D
Page 322:
I C R I S A T International Crops R
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