RA 00048.pdf - OAR@ICRISAT

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Sweet sorghum Stalks (75%) Leaves (10%) Panicles (15%) Residue (30%) Grain (70%) M i l l i n g / d i f f u s i o n Juice 60-70% Sugar 15-17% Bagasse 3 0 - 4 0 % Silage H y d r o l y s i s Burning Fiber A n i m a l Water Food Vapor Hydrolysis Fermentation. Fermentation Distillation Distillation Stillage Biodigestor Stillage Ethanol E l e c t r i c i t y Biofertilizer Biogas Ethanol Figure 14. The potential uses of sweet sorghum for food, fiber, fertilizer, ethanol, and methane gas production (CNPMS/EMBRAPA). 619
Solar energy A g r i c u l t u r a l inputs Farm implements and farm trucks Grain dryer A g r i c u l t u r a l products Animals Animal products Other uses Ethyl alcohol Micro d i s t i l l e r y Stillage and bagasse Ethyl alcohol Electricity Electrical generator Biogas Biodigestor Biogas Other farm uses Other uses Figure 15. An integrated rural energy system developed at the National Corn and Sorghum Research Center of EMBRAPA in Brazil (CNPMS/EMBRAPA). Male-sterile Sweet Sorghum Lines A new series of A and B sweet sorghum lines is needed to produce hybrids. Hybrids produced with the available A-lines are significantly more productive but the juice quality is reduced and the level of total invert sugars is more variable than for commercial cultivars. Lines such as Redlan, Tx 622, Tx 623 and Tx 624 have not produced adequate hybrids. The cost of hybrid seed production is much less than the cost of variety seed production due to harvest costs. Maturity Groups New cultivars with varying maturity lengths, 100-210 days, are needed to improve varietal management for a longer total harvest period. Most cultivars produced in the tropics normally reach maturity between 110 and 140 days. Improved Industrial Quality Cultivars with greater total sugars, lower fiber, and greater sugar extraction, as well as cultivars with a longer PIU are needed. High Energy Sorghum High energy sorghums, as proposed by Miller and Creelman (1980), with high potential levels of grain production and large quantities of fermentable sugars in their stalks should be developed. This will provide a greater range of processing systems that can be employed for food, feed, and energy production. Stress Tolerance It is necessary to develop sorghums for biomass production that are more tolerant to moisture stress, toxic aluminum stress, and acid soil stress so that these can be grown in the marginal lands that are acid, with toxic levels of aluminum, and are subject to moisture stress. In Brazil alone there are more than 180 million hectares of land with these characteristics that are not currently in crop production. 620
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SORGHUM IN THE EIGHTIES Volume 2 In
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Sorghum in the Eighties Proceedings
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C o n t e n t s Volume 1 F o r e w
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Breeding for Pest Resistance in Sor
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Foreword In October 1971 in Hyderab
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Cropping Systems with Sorghum R. W.
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than sole sorghum. If a row arrange
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the staple cereal. Baker (1979b) ha
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may often be greater under low fert
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Ratoon Systems The importance of ra
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the associated crop can all be defi
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MANDAL, R. C, VIDYABHUSHANAM, R. V.
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Crop Management M. D. Clegg* The ge
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systems. Maize has generally been g
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the next crop. A similar harvesting
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UNGER, P. W., and STEWART, B. A. 19
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programs to evolve closed pedigree
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ally one would go back to breeder's
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egion after a careful study of fact
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The Mechanization of Millet and Sor
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was soon used with a pair of bulloc
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should be understood that workers f
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• The under-utilization of certai
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season makes these animals incapabl
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we will assist in over-equipping th
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contain more clay and considerable
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uncertain moisture are the rule in
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a. Transfer of existing local varie
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JHA. D. 1980. Fertilizer use and it
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proved postharvest grain systems ar
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most developing countries, farmers
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The first concern of research and d
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to be investigated further to devis
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Session 6 Production Technology L R
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seed production by autonomous indep
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educed because of shading compared
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Willey Millet/groundnut Intercroppi
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Sorghum Dry Milling R. D. Reichert*
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machines, abrasive elements are mou
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Hopper Dehuller Motor Rubber cone E
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T o c y c l o n e Bran FAN G r a i
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Hopper Head cover Metal screen Meta
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Somdiaa Mill: Bonfora, Upper Volta
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Figure 11. Photograph of the modifi
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JONES, R. W., and BECKWITH, A. C. 1
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Industrial Milling of Sorghum for t
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Plate 1 :a. The sorghum mixture (1)
Page 107 and 108: A D B C E Figure 2. The United Mill
Page 109 and 110: EGGUM. B. 0., BACH KNUDSEN, K. E.,
Page 111 and 112: thickness within a kernel and betwe
Page 113 and 114: 3. Thick porridge —to, tuwo. ugal
Page 115 and 116: Table 2. lnjera quality parameters
Page 117 and 118: Table 5. Sankati quality characteri
Page 119 and 120: Table 7. Overall acceptability of t
Page 121 and 122: swelling power and starch solubilit
Page 123 and 124: C r o s s i n g b l o c k p a r e n
Page 125 and 126: AID/DSAN/XII/6-0149 from the Agency
Page 127 and 128: ROONEY, L. W.. and KIRLEIS, A. 1979
Page 129 and 130: Table 1. Percent crude protein, 96
Page 131 and 132: proved protein quality and total gr
Page 133 and 134: distilled water for 3 hr. The M 1 p
Page 135 and 136: 4 0 Low y i e l d c l a s s (22) M
Page 137 and 138: Table 7. Comparison of results from
Page 139 and 140: Table 10. Effect of fermentation an
Page 141 and 142: fermented Sudanese kisra and abrey
Page 144 and 145: Sorghum as an Energy Source R. E. S
Page 146 and 147: Table 1. Source Corn Grains, total
Page 148 and 149: S w e e t s o r g h u m s y r u p v
Page 150 and 151: October and November (Fig 1) In thi
Page 152 and 153: Table 4. Comparison of juice qualit
Page 154 and 155: (80)20 BR 500 (Rio) Brix (% juice)
Page 156 and 157: Table 6. Agricultural and Industria
Page 160 and 161: Development of Basic Studies Seedli
Page 162: Agricultural Experiment Station, Te
Page 165 and 166: • It converts sorghum as a conven
Page 168 and 169: Session 7 Food Quality and Utilizat
Page 170: Session 8 Socioeconomic Considerati
Page 173 and 174: 1. Climatological and physical cond
Page 175 and 176: why a substantial percentage of far
Page 177 and 178: An example of the possible problem
Page 179 and 180: Although those would appear to enco
Page 181 and 182: Changes from Farm-level Food Self-s
Page 183 and 184: appear to be merit in strengthening
Page 185 and 186: TIFFEN. M. 1976. The enterprising p
Page 187 and 188: egional sense are well known. It is
Page 189 and 190: to commercial sale. ONCAO sold to p
Page 191 and 192: interpretations can be given to the
Page 193 and 194: esearch can concentrate on the most
Page 196 and 197: Sorghum Marketing in India M. von O
Page 198 and 199: Table 2. Area, production, and yiel
Page 200 and 201: Table 4. Production and percentage
Page 202 and 203: Seasonal Price Variation of S o r g
Page 204 and 205: Name o f s t a t e P r o d u c t i
Page 206 and 207: Index 350 340 330 320 3 1 0 3 0 0 2
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Figure 6. Average sorghum prices in
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Table 8. Regression coefficients (t
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Some Important Socioeconomic Issues
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areas in t h e s e zones can be ret
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urgently to tackle t h e p r o b l
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T a b l e 5 . P r o j e c t e d a r
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eports of t h e N C A (1972; 1976c)
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T a b l e 7 . P h y s i c a l a n d
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t i m e l y supply of quality chemi
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Model I: Diffusion Model I I : Feed
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International ICRISAT More develope
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find that their linkage w i t h t h
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A s w e look t o t h e eighties, w
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Session 8 Socioeconomic Considerati
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countries, w h e r e p r o d u c t
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26 24 Karnataka 22 2 0 Maharashtra
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to not result in vastly different c
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c o s t s represent 2 9 % of its na
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T a b l e 7 . S t a t e i n t e r v
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Sorghum Breeding Strategies In Indi
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areas of t h e semi-arid tropics w
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VON OPPEN, M., and RAO, P. P. 1982.
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farmers. I am not sure that this ge
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t r u e in s o m e areas, but I can
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Session 8 Socioeconomic Considerati
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Session 9 Plenary Session Chairman:
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2.1.4 N e e d for i m p r o v e d i
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taxa retain variation that w a s lo
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ing rice; s o r g h u m on l o w -
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Valedictory Speech A. H. Bunting* M
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in agriculture m a y be m a d e . "
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Appendix 1 Short Communications
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Results indicated that stover yield
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grain was assessed for grain mold b
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Mutational Studies in Sorghum C. S.
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The Contribution of IRAT to the Dev
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Poster Session The following papers
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The Starch for Apospory in Sorghum
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A Grain Yield Development in a Hybr
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Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria Associated
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Presentation of Award J. Roy Q u i
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Lecture After Presentation of Award
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prepared by Dr. M o r g a n , have
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i n g s of t h e International S h
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P a r t i c i p a n t s , I n t e r
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India S. S. Adkoli Plant Pathology
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B. B. Reddy Plant Breeding IARI Reg
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O. Sidiba Institut du Sahel B.P. 15
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Siwaporn Siwawej Food Science and T
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W. H. M. Morris Agricultural Econom
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P E A R L MIILLET T R A I N I N G D
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I C R I S A T International Crops R
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