RA 00048.pdf - OAR@ICRISAT

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T a b l e 7 . S t a t e i n t e r v e n t i o n i n g r a i n m a r k e t i n g i n W e s t Africa. M a r k e t e d surplus Proportion of p r o d u c t i o n P r o p o r t i o n of p r o d u c t i o n t r a d e d by parastatal r e p r e s e n t e d b y m a r k e t e d m a r k e t e d b y parastatal C o u n t r y Parastatal (%) surplus (%) (%) N i g e r O P V N a 2 0 1 0 - 1 6 2 - 3 . 2 U p p e r Volta O F N A C E R b 2 0 15 3 Mali O P A M c
factor w h i c h should d e t e r m i n e regional s o r g h u m research strategies in t h e 1980s, t h e n India, w i t h t h e l o w e s t per capita calorie c o n s u m p t i o n of 1967, should receive the highest priority, w h e r e a s North, Central and South A m e r i c a should receive t h e lowest. Similarly, if poor historical production trends are considered m o s t important, t h e n t h e Near East rates first, and N o r t h , Central, and South A m e r i c a last. The graphical analysis cannot a c c o m m o d a t e all 10 research resource allocation criteria. H e n c e we have d e v i s e d a c o m p o s i t e numerical research resource allocation index (CONR<strong>RA</strong>I) that uses all 10 criteria. By assigning different w e i g h t s to each criterion based on subjective a s s e s s m e n t s of t h e relative importance of equity versus efficiency c o n c e r n s and adding u p t h e s e w e i g h t e d index values, we obtain for each region a c o m p o s i t e index reflecting its relative priority. T w o alternative w e i g h t i n g s c h e m e s are s h o w n in Figure 4. M e t h o d A assigns t w i c e as m u c h w e i g h t to population, current f o o d status, s o r g h u m ' s contribution to calories, and t h e region's contribution to SAT s o r g h u m production, c o m p a r e d w i t h t h e other six criteria. M e t h o d B uses as the only criterion t h e region's share of SAT s o r g h u m production. All other criteria are ignored. If o n e w e r e c o n c e r n e d solely w i t h efficiency considerations t h e n M e t h o d B m i g h t be utilized to guide research strategies. It s u g g e s t s an equal e m p h a s i s on India and t h e North, Central and South A m e r i c a n region, f o l l o w e d b y W e s t and t h e n Eastern Africa. W h e n equity concerns and other efficiency criteria are incorporated ( M e t h o d A), t h e emphasis should shift f r o m North, Central and South America and India to Africa, t h e Near East, and t h e other Asian regions. The U S D A projections (1980, p. 308) of import and calorie gaps using 1979 prices and real i n c o m e s s u g g e s t perhaps even greater e m p h a s i s should be placed on W e s t and Eastern Africa than M e t h o d A w o u l d indicate. The W e s t African SAT region is estim a t e d t o have 7 4 % o f t h e total SSA f o o d import gap by 1990 and 1 5 % of its u n m e t f o o d needs. Eastern Africa's comparable figures are 21 and 7 9 % , respectively. T h e above analysis s u g g e s t s that a m o r e regionally dispersed research strategy m a y be appropriate for ICRISAT s o r g h u m research in t h e 1980s. In addition, it s e e m s f r o m accumulating research experience w i t h s o r g h u m and other crops that it m a y be difficult to d e v e l o p i m p r o v e d cultivars at o n e headquarters location w h i c h will have w i d e adaptability across t h e SAT. Variations in day-length, duration, t e m p e r a t u r e , pests, and diseases s e e m to preclude this. 40 M e t h o d A M e t h o d B 30 20 10 I n d i a E . A f r i c a W . A f r i c a S . A f r i c a O . A s i a N . C . S A m e r i c a N e a r E a s t Figure 4. Suggested importance of each SAT region in determining the allocation of research resources using two methods. 7 1 0
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SORGHUM IN THE EIGHTIES Volume 2 In
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Sorghum in the Eighties Proceedings
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C o n t e n t s Volume 1 F o r e w
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Breeding for Pest Resistance in Sor
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Foreword In October 1971 in Hyderab
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Cropping Systems with Sorghum R. W.
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than sole sorghum. If a row arrange
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the staple cereal. Baker (1979b) ha
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may often be greater under low fert
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Ratoon Systems The importance of ra
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the associated crop can all be defi
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MANDAL, R. C, VIDYABHUSHANAM, R. V.
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Crop Management M. D. Clegg* The ge
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systems. Maize has generally been g
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the next crop. A similar harvesting
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UNGER, P. W., and STEWART, B. A. 19
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programs to evolve closed pedigree
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ally one would go back to breeder's
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egion after a careful study of fact
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The Mechanization of Millet and Sor
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was soon used with a pair of bulloc
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should be understood that workers f
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• The under-utilization of certai
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season makes these animals incapabl
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we will assist in over-equipping th
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contain more clay and considerable
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uncertain moisture are the rule in
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a. Transfer of existing local varie
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JHA. D. 1980. Fertilizer use and it
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proved postharvest grain systems ar
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most developing countries, farmers
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The first concern of research and d
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to be investigated further to devis
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Session 6 Production Technology L R
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seed production by autonomous indep
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educed because of shading compared
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Willey Millet/groundnut Intercroppi
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Sorghum Dry Milling R. D. Reichert*
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machines, abrasive elements are mou
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Hopper Dehuller Motor Rubber cone E
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T o c y c l o n e Bran FAN G r a i
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Hopper Head cover Metal screen Meta
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Somdiaa Mill: Bonfora, Upper Volta
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Figure 11. Photograph of the modifi
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JONES, R. W., and BECKWITH, A. C. 1
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Industrial Milling of Sorghum for t
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Plate 1 :a. The sorghum mixture (1)
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A D B C E Figure 2. The United Mill
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EGGUM. B. 0., BACH KNUDSEN, K. E.,
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thickness within a kernel and betwe
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3. Thick porridge —to, tuwo. ugal
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Table 2. lnjera quality parameters
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Table 5. Sankati quality characteri
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Table 7. Overall acceptability of t
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swelling power and starch solubilit
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C r o s s i n g b l o c k p a r e n
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AID/DSAN/XII/6-0149 from the Agency
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ROONEY, L. W.. and KIRLEIS, A. 1979
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Table 1. Percent crude protein, 96
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proved protein quality and total gr
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distilled water for 3 hr. The M 1 p
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4 0 Low y i e l d c l a s s (22) M
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Table 7. Comparison of results from
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Table 10. Effect of fermentation an
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fermented Sudanese kisra and abrey
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Sorghum as an Energy Source R. E. S
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Table 1. Source Corn Grains, total
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S w e e t s o r g h u m s y r u p v
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October and November (Fig 1) In thi
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Table 4. Comparison of juice qualit
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(80)20 BR 500 (Rio) Brix (% juice)
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Table 6. Agricultural and Industria
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Sweet sorghum Stalks (75%) Leaves (
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Development of Basic Studies Seedli
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Agricultural Experiment Station, Te
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• It converts sorghum as a conven
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Session 7 Food Quality and Utilizat
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Session 8 Socioeconomic Considerati
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1. Climatological and physical cond
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why a substantial percentage of far
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An example of the possible problem
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Although those would appear to enco
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Changes from Farm-level Food Self-s
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appear to be merit in strengthening
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TIFFEN. M. 1976. The enterprising p
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egional sense are well known. It is
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to commercial sale. ONCAO sold to p
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interpretations can be given to the
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esearch can concentrate on the most
Page 196 and 197: Sorghum Marketing in India M. von O
Page 198 and 199: Table 2. Area, production, and yiel
Page 200 and 201: Table 4. Production and percentage
Page 202 and 203: Seasonal Price Variation of S o r g
Page 204 and 205: Name o f s t a t e P r o d u c t i
Page 206 and 207: Index 350 340 330 320 3 1 0 3 0 0 2
Page 208 and 209: Figure 6. Average sorghum prices in
Page 210 and 211: Table 8. Regression coefficients (t
Page 212 and 213: Some Important Socioeconomic Issues
Page 214 and 215: areas in t h e s e zones can be ret
Page 216 and 217: urgently to tackle t h e p r o b l
Page 218 and 219: T a b l e 5 . P r o j e c t e d a r
Page 220 and 221: eports of t h e N C A (1972; 1976c)
Page 222 and 223: T a b l e 7 . P h y s i c a l a n d
Page 224: t i m e l y supply of quality chemi
Page 227 and 228: Model I: Diffusion Model I I : Feed
Page 229 and 230: International ICRISAT More develope
Page 231 and 232: find that their linkage w i t h t h
Page 233 and 234: A s w e look t o t h e eighties, w
Page 236 and 237: Session 8 Socioeconomic Considerati
Page 238 and 239: countries, w h e r e p r o d u c t
Page 240 and 241: 26 24 Karnataka 22 2 0 Maharashtra
Page 242 and 243: to not result in vastly different c
Page 244 and 245: c o s t s represent 2 9 % of its na
Page 248 and 249: Sorghum Breeding Strategies In Indi
Page 250 and 251: areas of t h e semi-arid tropics w
Page 252: VON OPPEN, M., and RAO, P. P. 1982.
Page 255 and 256: farmers. I am not sure that this ge
Page 257 and 258: t r u e in s o m e areas, but I can
Page 260 and 261: Session 8 Socioeconomic Considerati
Page 262: Session 9 Plenary Session Chairman:
Page 265 and 266: 2.1.4 N e e d for i m p r o v e d i
Page 267 and 268: taxa retain variation that w a s lo
Page 269 and 270: ing rice; s o r g h u m on l o w -
Page 272 and 273: Valedictory Speech A. H. Bunting* M
Page 274 and 275: in agriculture m a y be m a d e . "
Page 276: Appendix 1 Short Communications
Page 279 and 280: Results indicated that stover yield
Page 281 and 282: grain was assessed for grain mold b
Page 283 and 284: Mutational Studies in Sorghum C. S.
Page 285 and 286: The Contribution of IRAT to the Dev
Page 288 and 289: Poster Session The following papers
Page 290 and 291: The Starch for Apospory in Sorghum
Page 292 and 293: A Grain Yield Development in a Hybr
Page 294: Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria Associated
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Presentation of Award J. Roy Q u i
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Lecture After Presentation of Award
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prepared by Dr. M o r g a n , have
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i n g s of t h e International S h
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P a r t i c i p a n t s , I n t e r
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India S. S. Adkoli Plant Pathology
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B. B. Reddy Plant Breeding IARI Reg
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O. Sidiba Institut du Sahel B.P. 15
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Siwaporn Siwawej Food Science and T
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W. H. M. Morris Agricultural Econom
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P E A R L MIILLET T R A I N I N G D
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I C R I S A T International Crops R
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