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GERHART, J. 1975. The diffusion of hybrid maize in Western Kenya. Mexico City, Mexico: CIMMYT. GILBERT. E. M., NORMAN. D. W.. and WINCH. F. E. 1980. Farming systems research: a critical appraisal. MSU Rural Development Paper 6. East Lansing. Michigan, USA: Michigan State University. HAYAMI, Y.. and RUTTAN, V. W. 1971. Agricultural development: an international perspective. Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press. NORMAN, D. W., NEWMAN, M. D., and OUEDRAOGO, I. 1981. Farm and village production systems in the semi-arid tropics of West Africa: An interpretive review of research. Research Bulletin No. 4, Vol. 1. Patancheru, A.P., India: ICRISAT. NORMAN, D. W., PRYOR, D. H., and GIBBS. C. J. 1979. Technical change and the small farmer in Hausaland, northern Nigeria. African Rural Economy Paper 2 1 . East Lansing, Michigan, USA: African Rural Economy Program, Michigan State University. HOGENDORN, J. S. 1976. The vent for surplus model and African cash agriculture to 1914. Savanna 5 : 1 5 - 2 8 . IBRD. 1981. Accelerated development in Sub-Saharan Africa: an agenda for action. Report 3358. Washington. D. C, U.S.A: The World Bank. KAFANDO. T. W. 1972. Les perspective du developpement de I'Est Volta. Paris, France: IEDES. OGUNGBILE. A. O. 1980. An evaluation of sole-crop production technology on small farms in northern Nigeria under different farm power sources: a multipeliod linear programming approach. Ph.D. dissertation. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA. PEIL, M. 1977. Unemployment in Banjul: the farming/ tourist tradeoff. Manpower and Unemployment Research 1 0 : 2 5 - 2 9 . LELE, V. 1975. The design of rural development: lessons from Africa. Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press. MARCHAL, J. Y. 1977. The evolution of agrarian systems in Yatenga. African Environment 2 and 3 : 7 3 - 8 5 . MATLON, P. J. 1980. Local varieties, planting strategies, and early farming activities in two villages of central Upper Volta. West Africa Economics Program Progress Report 2. Ouagadougou. Upper Volta: ICRISAT. MEHRA, S. 1981. Instability in Indian agriculture in the context of new technology. Research Report 25. Washington D C , USA: International Food Policy Research Institute. NICOLAS, G. 1960. Un village haoussa de la Republique du Niger: Tussao Haoussa. Cahiers d'Outre Mer 1 3 : 4 2 1 - 4 5 0 . NORMAN, D. W. 1970. Initiating change in traditional agriculture. Proceedings of Annual Conference of the Agricultural Society of Nigeria 6 : 6 - 1 4 . NORMAN, D. W. 1981. Agriculture: progress or catastrophe in Africa? Africa Report 2 6 : 4 - 8 . NORMAN, D. W., BEEDEN, P., KROEKER, W. J., PRYOR. D., HUIZINGA, B., and HAYS. H. M. 1976. The feasibility of improved sole crop sorghum production technology for the small-scale farmer in the Northern Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria. Samaru Miscellaneous Paper 60. Samaru. Nigeria: Institute for Agricultural Research. Ahmadu Bello University. RAO, N. G. P. 1981. Genotype alteration: the basis for agricultural transformation in tropical drylands. Presidential address to the Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding. RAO, N. G. P. (no date). West African agricultural systems and sorghum improvement. ICRISAT, Samaru, Nigeria (unpublished report). RAO, N. G. P., and HOUSE, L. R. (eds.) 1972. Sorghum in seventies. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. RAO, N. G. P., SUBBA RAO, S., and VIDYASAGAR RAO, K. 1975. Rainfall fluctuations and crop yields. Current Science 4 4 : 6 9 4 - 6 9 7 . RAYNAUT, C. 1973. La circulation marchande des cereales et les mecanismes d'inegalite economique: la cas d'une commanaute villageoise Haoussa. Bordeaux: Centre d'Etudes et Recherches Economiques. Universite de Bordeaux. ROCH. J. 1976. Les migrations economiques de saison seche en bassin arachide Senegalais. Cahiers OR- STOM (Serie Sciences Humaines) 1 2 : 5 5 - 8 0 . RYAN, J. G., and RATHORE, M. S. 1978. Factor proportions, factor market access and the development and transfer of technology. Presented at Symposium on Economic Problems in Transfer of Technology. 9 - 1 0 Nov. IARI. New Delhi. SARGENT, M.. LICHTE, J., MATLON, P. J., and BLOOM, R. An assessment of animal traction in Francophone West Africa. African Rural Economy Working Paper 34. East Lansing, Michigan, USA: African Rural Economy Program, Michigan State University. 6 4 5
TIFFEN. M. 1976. The enterprising peasant. Overseas Research Publication 2 1 . London, UK: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. VENEMA, L. B. 1978. The Wolof of Saloum: social structure and rural development in Senegal. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation. 646
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SORGHUM IN THE EIGHTIES Volume 2 In
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Sorghum in the Eighties Proceedings
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C o n t e n t s Volume 1 F o r e w
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Breeding for Pest Resistance in Sor
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Foreword In October 1971 in Hyderab
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Cropping Systems with Sorghum R. W.
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than sole sorghum. If a row arrange
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the staple cereal. Baker (1979b) ha
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may often be greater under low fert
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Ratoon Systems The importance of ra
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the associated crop can all be defi
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MANDAL, R. C, VIDYABHUSHANAM, R. V.
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Crop Management M. D. Clegg* The ge
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systems. Maize has generally been g
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the next crop. A similar harvesting
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UNGER, P. W., and STEWART, B. A. 19
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programs to evolve closed pedigree
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ally one would go back to breeder's
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egion after a careful study of fact
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The Mechanization of Millet and Sor
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was soon used with a pair of bulloc
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should be understood that workers f
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• The under-utilization of certai
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season makes these animals incapabl
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we will assist in over-equipping th
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contain more clay and considerable
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uncertain moisture are the rule in
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a. Transfer of existing local varie
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JHA. D. 1980. Fertilizer use and it
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proved postharvest grain systems ar
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most developing countries, farmers
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The first concern of research and d
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to be investigated further to devis
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Session 6 Production Technology L R
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seed production by autonomous indep
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educed because of shading compared
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Willey Millet/groundnut Intercroppi
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Sorghum Dry Milling R. D. Reichert*
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machines, abrasive elements are mou
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Hopper Dehuller Motor Rubber cone E
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T o c y c l o n e Bran FAN G r a i
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Hopper Head cover Metal screen Meta
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Somdiaa Mill: Bonfora, Upper Volta
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Figure 11. Photograph of the modifi
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JONES, R. W., and BECKWITH, A. C. 1
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Industrial Milling of Sorghum for t
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Plate 1 :a. The sorghum mixture (1)
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A D B C E Figure 2. The United Mill
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EGGUM. B. 0., BACH KNUDSEN, K. E.,
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thickness within a kernel and betwe
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3. Thick porridge —to, tuwo. ugal
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Table 2. lnjera quality parameters
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Table 5. Sankati quality characteri
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Table 7. Overall acceptability of t
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swelling power and starch solubilit
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C r o s s i n g b l o c k p a r e n
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AID/DSAN/XII/6-0149 from the Agency
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ROONEY, L. W.. and KIRLEIS, A. 1979
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Table 1. Percent crude protein, 96
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proved protein quality and total gr
Page 133 and 134: distilled water for 3 hr. The M 1 p
Page 135 and 136: 4 0 Low y i e l d c l a s s (22) M
Page 137 and 138: Table 7. Comparison of results from
Page 139 and 140: Table 10. Effect of fermentation an
Page 141 and 142: fermented Sudanese kisra and abrey
Page 144 and 145: Sorghum as an Energy Source R. E. S
Page 146 and 147: Table 1. Source Corn Grains, total
Page 148 and 149: S w e e t s o r g h u m s y r u p v
Page 150 and 151: October and November (Fig 1) In thi
Page 152 and 153: Table 4. Comparison of juice qualit
Page 154 and 155: (80)20 BR 500 (Rio) Brix (% juice)
Page 156 and 157: Table 6. Agricultural and Industria
Page 158 and 159: Sweet sorghum Stalks (75%) Leaves (
Page 160 and 161: Development of Basic Studies Seedli
Page 162: Agricultural Experiment Station, Te
Page 165 and 166: • It converts sorghum as a conven
Page 168 and 169: Session 7 Food Quality and Utilizat
Page 170: Session 8 Socioeconomic Considerati
Page 173 and 174: 1. Climatological and physical cond
Page 175 and 176: why a substantial percentage of far
Page 177 and 178: An example of the possible problem
Page 179 and 180: Although those would appear to enco
Page 181 and 182: Changes from Farm-level Food Self-s
Page 183: appear to be merit in strengthening
Page 187 and 188: egional sense are well known. It is
Page 189 and 190: to commercial sale. ONCAO sold to p
Page 191 and 192: interpretations can be given to the
Page 193 and 194: esearch can concentrate on the most
Page 196 and 197: Sorghum Marketing in India M. von O
Page 198 and 199: Table 2. Area, production, and yiel
Page 200 and 201: Table 4. Production and percentage
Page 202 and 203: Seasonal Price Variation of S o r g
Page 204 and 205: Name o f s t a t e P r o d u c t i
Page 206 and 207: Index 350 340 330 320 3 1 0 3 0 0 2
Page 208 and 209: Figure 6. Average sorghum prices in
Page 210 and 211: Table 8. Regression coefficients (t
Page 212 and 213: Some Important Socioeconomic Issues
Page 214 and 215: areas in t h e s e zones can be ret
Page 216 and 217: urgently to tackle t h e p r o b l
Page 218 and 219: T a b l e 5 . P r o j e c t e d a r
Page 220 and 221: eports of t h e N C A (1972; 1976c)
Page 222 and 223: T a b l e 7 . P h y s i c a l a n d
Page 224: t i m e l y supply of quality chemi
Page 227 and 228: Model I: Diffusion Model I I : Feed
Page 229 and 230: International ICRISAT More develope
Page 231 and 232: find that their linkage w i t h t h
Page 233 and 234: A s w e look t o t h e eighties, w
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Session 8 Socioeconomic Considerati
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countries, w h e r e p r o d u c t
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26 24 Karnataka 22 2 0 Maharashtra
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to not result in vastly different c
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c o s t s represent 2 9 % of its na
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T a b l e 7 . S t a t e i n t e r v
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Sorghum Breeding Strategies In Indi
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areas of t h e semi-arid tropics w
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VON OPPEN, M., and RAO, P. P. 1982.
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farmers. I am not sure that this ge
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t r u e in s o m e areas, but I can
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Session 8 Socioeconomic Considerati
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Session 9 Plenary Session Chairman:
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2.1.4 N e e d for i m p r o v e d i
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taxa retain variation that w a s lo
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ing rice; s o r g h u m on l o w -
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Valedictory Speech A. H. Bunting* M
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in agriculture m a y be m a d e . "
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Appendix 1 Short Communications
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Results indicated that stover yield
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grain was assessed for grain mold b
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Mutational Studies in Sorghum C. S.
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The Contribution of IRAT to the Dev
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Poster Session The following papers
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The Starch for Apospory in Sorghum
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A Grain Yield Development in a Hybr
Page 294:
Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria Associated
Page 298 and 299:
Presentation of Award J. Roy Q u i
Page 300 and 301:
Lecture After Presentation of Award
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prepared by Dr. M o r g a n , have
Page 304:
i n g s of t h e International S h
Page 307 and 308:
P a r t i c i p a n t s , I n t e r
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India S. S. Adkoli Plant Pathology
Page 311 and 312:
B. B. Reddy Plant Breeding IARI Reg
Page 313 and 314:
O. Sidiba Institut du Sahel B.P. 15
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Siwaporn Siwawej Food Science and T
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W. H. M. Morris Agricultural Econom
Page 319 and 320:
P E A R L MIILLET T R A I N I N G D
Page 322:
I C R I S A T International Crops R
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