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saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnali, #1, 2008 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, N1, 2008<br />
naSromSi – `saerTaSoriso samarTlis<br />
principebi~ – kelzeni amtkicebs, rom saerTaSoriso<br />
samarTali umaRlesi marTlwesrigia,<br />
romlis SezRudva dauSvebelia,<br />
is TviTon zRudavs nacionalur marTlwesrigs.<br />
nacionaluri marTlwesrigis<br />
moqmedebis sferos SezRudva saerTa-<br />
Soriso marTlwesrigis mniSvnelovani<br />
funqciaa. erovnuli marTlwesrigis mniSvnelovan<br />
maxasiaTeblad ki avtori miiCnevs<br />
im garemoebas, rom erovnuli marTlwesrigi<br />
mxolod saerTaSoriso marTlwesrigs<br />
emorCileba.<br />
h. kelzenis mier Seqmnili samarTlis<br />
universaluri sistemis yvela samarTlebrivi<br />
normis sagani individis qmedebaa,<br />
Tu Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi norma uSualod<br />
aregulirebs individis qmedebas,<br />
saerTaSoriso norma aregulirebs maT<br />
nacionaluri marTlwesrigis meSveobiT.<br />
swored nacionaluri marTlwesrigi gansazRvravs,<br />
Tu romel Tanamdebobis pirs<br />
an saxelmwifo organoebs SeuZliaT aamoqmedon<br />
es normebi. maSasadame, kelzenis<br />
azriT, saerTaSoriso samarTali saerTa-<br />
SorisosamarTlebrivi normis moqmedebis<br />
`materialur elements~, xolo Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi<br />
`personalur elements~<br />
gansazRvravs. am TvalTaxedvidan saer-<br />
TaSoriso samarTlis normebi ar moiTxovs<br />
`transformacias~, Tu es specialurad<br />
ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli TviT saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi<br />
normiT. normis<br />
gadatana xdeba uSualod da eyrdnoba<br />
saerTaSoriso samarTlis `delegirebas~<br />
Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi samarTlis mimarT.<br />
es aris ara transformacia, aramed<br />
samarTlis Seqmnis proceduris faza,<br />
romlis formac erTiania. 10<br />
amgvarad, kelzeni uaryofs dualistur<br />
Teorias, romelic, misi mtkicebiT,<br />
gamomdinareobs suverenitetis dogmidan,<br />
romlis mixedviTac `saerTaSoriso<br />
samarTali qmnis ufleba-movaleobebs<br />
mxolod saxelmwifoTaTvis da ara misi<br />
organoebisa da moqalaqeTaTvis~. amiT<br />
kelzeni upirispirdeba dualistur midgomas<br />
da acxadebs, rom saerTaSoriso samarTali<br />
Sidasaxelmwifoebriv marTlwesrigTan<br />
erTad qmnis erTian sistemas –<br />
samarTlis universalur sistemas.<br />
kelzenis Teoria samarTlebrivi normebis<br />
piramiduli ierarqiisa da saerTa-<br />
Soriso da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi samarTlebrivi<br />
sistemebis erTianobis Sesaxeb<br />
saerTaSoriso samarTlis primatis monisturi<br />
Teoriis klasikur modelad iyo<br />
aRiarebuli, magram mas arcTu ise bevri<br />
mimdevari hyavda.<br />
monistur Teorias iziareben ara marto<br />
pozitivistebi, aramed solidaristebic,<br />
magram Tu h. kelzeni ierarqiis bolos<br />
uzenaesi normis iuridiulobis iqiT ar<br />
midis da am `ZiriTadi normis~ (Grundnorm)<br />
safuZvels normativizmis konstruqciis<br />
CarCoebis gareT eZebs, solidaristebi<br />
ierarqiis safuZvlad pozitiuri samar-<br />
Tlis gareT mdebare `obieqtur movlenebs<br />
Tvlian~. am koncefciis TvalsaCino<br />
warmomadgenelia frangi iuristi J. seli,<br />
romelsac saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi<br />
urTierTobebi warmoudgenia rogorc<br />
uricxvi `urTierTobis~ erTianoba. isini<br />
erTmaneTTan dakavSirebulia `socialuri<br />
solidarobiT~. iseve, rogorc kelzeni,<br />
seli miiCnevs, rom saerTaSoriso samarTali<br />
aris `umaRlesi~ marTlwesrigi,<br />
xolo saxelmwifo aris marTlwesrigi,<br />
romelic uSualod saerTaSoriso mar-<br />
Tlwesrigs emorCileba. selic, saer-<br />
TaSoriso samarTlis primatis safuZvelze,<br />
uaryofs saxelmwifo suverenitetis<br />
cnebas da asabuTebs individis saer-<br />
TaSoriso samarTalsubieqtobas. misi<br />
azriT, saxelmwifo suverenitetis cneba<br />
`ewinaaRmdegeba faqts da samarTals~,<br />
uaryofs saxelmwifos ZiriTadi uflebebis<br />
cnebas, rogorc iuridiul namdvilobas<br />
moklebuls~. avtori amtkicebs, rom<br />
`saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi – es aris<br />
urTierTobebi individsa da jgufebs<br />
Soris, romlebic warmoiSoba saxelmwifo<br />
sazRvrebs gareT~. `saerTaSoriso samarTlis<br />
progresi damokidebuli iqneba<br />
imaze, Tu ramdenad zesaxelmwifoebrivi<br />
gaxdeba igi momavalSi~. 11<br />
amave Teorias, Tumca ufro zomieri<br />
formiT, iziarebdnen avstrieli a. ferdrosi<br />
da Sveicarieli p. gugenhaimi.<br />
p. gugenhaimi werda: `saerTaSoriso<br />
samarTlis primatis principis Tanaxmad,<br />
misi kompetencia potenciurad SeuzRudavia...,<br />
yvela sagani, romelic regulirdeba<br />
Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi samarTliT,<br />
SeiZleba daregulirdes saerTaSoriso<br />
samarTliT. saxelmwifos damoukidebloba<br />
sxva araferia, Tu ara misi damorCileba<br />
`umaRlesi marTlwesrigisadmi~. 12<br />
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