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nona kalandaZe `SromiTi migrantebisa da maTi ojaxis wevrebis uflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb~ saerTaSoriso konvencia da SromiT migrantTa da maTi ojaxis wevrebis uflebaTa dacvis monitoringis gaeros meqanizmebi Sesavali SromiTi migracia Tanamedrove globalizaciis umniSvnelovanesi elementi da saerTaSoriso integraciuli procesebis gamoxatulebaa. igi kidev ufro ganviTarda meore msoflio omis Semdeg. amis mizezi, erTi mxriv, msoflioSi mimdinare politikuri da ekonomikuri procesebi, qveynebs Soris urTierTobis normalizacia, ucxoelTa politikuri, SromiTi da socialuri uflebebis TandaTanobiT ganmtkiceba, meore mxriv ki saxelmwifoebs Soris mimosvlis gaadvileba, transportis gaiafeba, mosaxleobis informirebulobis zrda iyo. msoflio migraciul viTarebaze didi gavlena moaxdina socialisturi sistemis daSlam. cxovrebis donis mkveTrad gauaresebam, politikuri viTarebis dam- Zimebam migraciis axali talRebi warmoSva. ekonomikuri viTarebis mkveTrad gauaresebam da Siga da gare Sromis bazrebze Seqmnilma samuSao Zalis miwodeba-moTxovnis gauwonasworebelma viTarebam saqarTveloSic arnaxuli SromiTi migraciuli procesebi gamoiwvia. gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciam SromiTi migrantebis mimarT seriozuli daintereseba pirvelad 1972 wels gamoavlina, mas mere, rac ekonomikurma da socialurma sabWom Tavis 1706-e (LIII) rezoluciiT gangaSi atexa samuSao Zalis aralegalur transportirebaze ramdenime evropul qveyanasa da `monobisa da iZulebiTi Sromis pirobebSi~ SromiTi migrantebis eqspluataciaze afrikis zogierT qveyanaSi. imave wels generalurma asambleam Tavis 2920-e (XXVII) rezoluciaSi gakicxa ucxoel SromiT migrantTa diskriminacia da mouwoda mTavrobebs, SeewyvitaT msgavsi qmedebebi da SromiT migrantTa miRebis pirobebi gaeumjobesebinaT 1 . SromiTi migrantebisa da maTi ojaxebis wevrTa dacvis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso konvencia gaerom kenWisyris gareSe miiRo 1990 wels. 2 igi yvelaze farTo saer- TaSoriso konvenciaa, romelic SromiTi migrantebisa da maTi ojaxebis rogorc samoqalaqo da politikur, ise ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul ufleba- Ta dacvas isaxavs miznad, da konkretulad gansazRvravs SromiTi migrantebisa da maTi ojaxis wevrebis uflebebs mxolod saxelmwifoTa valdebulebebTan erTad, maTi imigraciuli politikisa da praqtikis gaTvaliswinebiT. 3 konvenciis miRebiT ganisazRvra SromiT migrantTa uflebebi da am uflebaTa uzrunvelyofis saSualebebi. masSi gaer- Tianebulia 30-wliani diskusiebi, maT Soris: gaeros adamianis uflebaTa kvlevebi, daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi, eqspertTa Sefasebebi, debatebi da gaeros rezoluciebi SromiT migrantebTan dakav- SirebiT. 4 2007 wlis martSi aRniSnuli konvenciis monawile ukve 51 saxelmwifoa, aqedan 37-ma moaxdina misi ratificireba. 5 1. `SromiTi migrantebisa da maTi ojaxis wevrebis uflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb~ saerTaSoriso konvenciis mokle mimoxilva SromiTi migrantebis konvencia aZlierebs da avsebs gaero-s adamianis uflebaTa ZiriTad xelSekrulebebSi gatarebul principebsa da debulebebs. 6 127
saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnali, #1, 2008 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, N1, 2008 konvencia 7 iTvaliswinebs im minimaluri standartebis gatarebas, rac gulisxmobs SromiTi migrantebisa da maTi ojaxis wevrebis mimarT saxelmwifo- Ta mxridan aucileblad gasatarebel RonisZiebebs, saimigracio statusis miuxedavad, anu saxelmwifosTvis mniSvneloba ar unda hqondes SromiTi migrantebisa da maTi ojaxis wevrebis warmomavlobas, – is yvela sxva moqalaqis msgavsad unda icavdes maTs uflebebsa da Rirsebas. migrantebTan dakavSirebul yvela sxva saxis instrumentTan SedarebiT konvenciis pirveli nawili `SromiTi migrantebis~ cnebis yvelaze amomwurav ganmartebas gvaZlevs 8 . konvencia vrceldeba ganusxvaveblad yvela migrant muSasa da maTi ojaxis wevrebze. miuxedavad imisa, rom konvenciis amkrZalavi safuZvlebis CamonaTvali ilustraciulia da araamomwuravi, is mainc ufro srulia, vidre adamianis uflebaTa sxva konvenciebSi warmodgenili safuZvlebi. 9 konvencia qveyanaSi legalurad myof da mudmivi statusis mqone yvela SromiT migrants aniWebs damatebiT uflebebs. yvela im SromiT migrantsa da maTi ojaxis wevrebs, romlebic legalurad imyofebian an floben mudmiv statuss damsaqmebel saxelmwifoSi, ufleba aqvT, iyvnen srulad informirebulni maTi momavali samuSao pirobebis Sesaxeb, aseve samuSao pirobebTan dakavSirebul sxva sakiTxebze (37-e muxli). konvencia avaldebulebs monawile saxelmwifoebs SromiTi migrantebis, rogorc individebis, pativiscemas, igi gvTavazobs saerTaSoriso migraciis mimarT normaluri, samarTliani, humanuri da kanonieri pirobebis SeqmnisaTvis xelSewyobis CarCoebs. 10 2. SromiT migrantTa komitetis saqmianoba 2.1. SromiT migrantTa komiteti da SromiT migrantTa uflebebis dacvis monitoringis meqanizmebi samwuxarod, nebismier konvenciasTan SeerTeba ar niSnavs imas, rom masSi Camo- Tvlili uflebebi da movaleobebi saTanadod da ganuxrelad Sesruldeba. amitom Tavad konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebulia konvenciis aRsrulebaze pasuxismgebeli organoebis Camoyalibeba, raTa moaxdinos konvenciis implementaciis monitoringi. 11 ZalaSi Sesvlis mere 12 SromiTi migrantebis konvenciis 72-e muxlis safuZvelze Seiqmna SromiTi migrantebisa da maTi ojaxis wevrebis uflebaTa dacvis komiteti 13 , romelic Sedis gaeros adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisris ofisis SemadgenlobaSi. 14 SromiTi migrantebis komiteti damoukidebel eqspertTa jgufia, romelic monitorings uwevs monawile saxelmwifo- Ta mier SromiTi migrantebis konvenciis implementacias. 15 SromiTi migrantebis komitetma Tavisi pirveli sesia 2004 wels Caatara. komitetis Sexvedrebi yovelwliurad ewyoba. gaeros generaluri mdivani winaswar (rac SeiZleba adre) atyobinebs komitetis monawileebs rogorc Sekrebis adgils, ise TariRs. 16 Tavad komiteti Tavisi muSaobis Semcvel angariSebs aqveynebs yovelwliurad. 17 angariSebi sajaroa da xelmisawvdomi. maTi gacnoba SesaZlebelia internetiTac. angariSebSi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia informacia imaze, Tu ras axorcielebs komiteti. 18 monitoringis gasaumjobeseblad mni- Svnelovania aseve komitetTa Tavmjdomareebisa da komitetTaSorisi Sexvedrebis rolis aRniSvna. gaeros generalurma asambleam 1983 wlidan daawesa aseTi Sexvedrebi, romelTa ZiriTadi mizani xel- Sekrulebebis aRsrulebaze zedamxedveli komitetebis muSaobis srulyofaa. pirvelad komitetTa Tavmjdomareebis Sexvedra 1984 wels Sedga, 1995 wlidan ki aseTi Sexvedrebi yovelwliurad ewyoba. 19 imarTeba aseve komitetTaSorisi Sexvedrebi, romelTa 20 mTavari sakiTxi samuSao meTodebis harmonizaciaa. 2.2. monawile saxelmwifoTa angariSebis ganxilva SromiTi migrantebis komitetis mier komitetis ZiriTadi movaleobaa SromiTi migrantebis konvenciis implementaciis monitoringi, monawile saxelmwifoTa mier warmodgenili angariSebis ganxilvis safuZvelze. 128
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FROM THE EDITORIAL BOARD The Journa
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STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC
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MARIAM GOTSIRIDZE DIPLOMATIC PROTEC
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