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m. gociriZe, fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebis diplomatiuri dacva saerTaSoriso sajaro ... moqalaqeobis dadgenilebebi tunissa da marokoSi – gansazRvra, rom: `moqalaqeobis sakiTxebi ganekuTvneba principulad [saxelmwifoTa] Sida kompetencias~. 19 imave Sinaarsis debuleba iqna Cadebuli 1930 wlis konvenciaSi – `moqalqeobis Sesaxeb kanonTa Soris konfliqtTan dakav- Sirebuli ramdenime sakiTxis Sesaxeb~. 20 miuxedavad imisa, rom, rogorc vxedavT, Tavad saerTaSoriso samarTlis konteqstSi iqna aRiarebuli saxelmwifos eqskluziuri ufleba, TviTon gadawyvitos, Tu vin miekuTvneba mis moqalaqe- Ta rigebs, saqme arcTu ise martivad aris, rogorc erTi SexedviT Cans. saerTaSorisosamarTlebriv CarCoebSi ama Tu im piris saxelmwifosadmi moqalaqeobrivi ku- Tvnilebis gansazRvrisas saxelmwifos aRniSnuli ufleba izRudeba. 21 ufro zustad rom vTqvaT, yvela is piri, romelic saxelmwifos iurisdiqciaSi aRiarebulia mis moqalaqed, saerTaSoriso samarTlis Tanaxmad, am SemTxvevaSi diplomatiuri dacvis miznebisaTvis, SesaZloa, sulac ar CaiTvalos am qveynis moqalaqed. marTalia, saerTaSoriso samarTlis komisiis mier formulirebuli muxlebis proeqtis me-4 muxli aRiarebs saxelmwifos uflebas, Tavad gansazRvros, Tu vin SeiZleba iyos misi moqalaqe, amavdroulad awesebs am uflebis SezRudvas saer- TaSoriso samarTlis farglebSi. 22 muxli gvTavazobs araamomwurav CamonaTvals moqalaqeobis im meTodebisas, romlebic Seesabameba moqmed saerTaSoriso samar- Tals. dabadebiT, mSoblebis moqalaqeobis mixedviT, naturalizaciiT, saxelmwifo samarTalmemkvidreobiT miRebuli moqalaqeoba sruliad Seesabameba, saer- TaSoriso samarTlis gagebiT, moqalaqeobis miRebis safuZvlebs. Tumca arsebobs moqalaqeobis miRebis iseTi formebic, romlebic, Tumca Sidasaxelmwifoebrv samarTlebriv reJimSi sruliad misaRebia, magram saerTaSoriso samarTlisTvis miuRebeli, magaliTad, meuRlis mier qorwinebis Sedegad moqalaqeobis avtomaturad miReba. 23 amdenad, piri, romelic, qveynis Sidakanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, saxelmwifos sruluflebiani moqalaqea, imyofeba masTan samarTlebriv da politikur kavSirSi, pirnaTlad asrulebs Tavis moqalaqeobriv valdebulebebs, ixdis gadasaxadebs, da a.S., ver isargeblebs saxelmwifo dacviT, vinaidan misi moqalaqeoba ver eqceva `moqalaqeobis~ saerTaSoriso samarTliseul ganmartebaSi. iuridiuli pirebi. diplomatiuri dacvis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso Cveulebi- Ti samarTlisa da am sakiTxis irgvliv saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo praqtikis, agreTve gaeros saerTaSoriso samarTlis komisiis mier SemuSavebuli muxlebis proeqtis mixedviT, diplomatiuri dacva vrceldeba ara mxolod fizikur, aramed iuridiul pirebzec. iuridiuli pirebis diplomatiuri dacva Zalze mravalferovani da saintereso sferoa. aq er- TmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvaoT korporaciebisa da arasaSemosavlo iuridiuli pirebis dacva. ufro metic, diplomatiuri dacviT sargebloben ara mxolod korporaciebi, aramed maTi mewileebic. saxelmwifoebs dReisaTvis ukve Zalze didi praqtika daugrovdaT korporaciaTa diplomatiuri dacvis sferoSi. korporacia am SemTxvevaSi gulisxmobs SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis mqone saSemosavlo iuridiul pirs, romlis kapitalic warmodgenilia wilebis saxiT. 24 iseve, rogorc fizikuri pirebis SemTxvevaSi, korporacia unda akmayofilebdes garkveul moTxovnebs, raTa CaiTvalos konkretuli qveynis moqalaqed. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom, fizikuri pirebis msgavsad, saerTaSoriso samarTali imdenad maRal bariers uwesebs korporaciebs, rom maTgan Zalze bevri SeiZleba, am saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi institutis gavrcelebis arealis miRma aRmo- Cndes. iseve, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, am SemTxvevaSic korporaciebisaTvis moqalaqeobis miniWebis sakiTxi qveynis Sida kompetencias ganekuTvneba. 25 magram am Sida kompetencias iseve ar aqvs raime Zala diplomatiuri dacvis miznebisaTvis, rogorc fizikuri pirebis SemTxvevaSi. saxelmwifoebi iuridiuli piris moqalaqeobis gansazRvrisaTvis sxvadasxva tests iyeneben, – iqneba es registraciis qveyana, saTavo ofisis, Tu, ubralod, warmomadgenlobis adgilmdebareobis qveyana. saqarTvelo, magaliTad, iuridiuli piris qmedunarianobis gansazRvrisa- Tvis iyenebs iuridiuli piris administraciis faqtobrivi adgilmdebareobis qveynis samarTals. 26 marTlmsajulebis 225
saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnali, #1, 2008 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, N1, 2008 saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom kompania `barselona treqSenis~ saqmeze ganmarta, rom, saerTaSoriso samarTlis tradiciuli normis Tanaxmad, korporaciis diplomatiuri dacvis ufleba eniWeba im saxelmwifos, romelSic kompania inkorporirebulia da aqvs registrirebuli warmomadgenloba. 27 amdenad, rogorc vxedavT, korporaciis mier moqalaqeobis moTxovnis dakmayofilebis kriteriumi sakmaod maRalia: korporacia qveynis moqalaqed rom CaiTvalos, unda iyos ara mxolod inkorporirebuli, aramed unda gaaCndes registrirebuli warmomadgenlobac ma- Sin, rodesac, SeiZleba, qveynebi am ori testidan mxolod erTs iyenebndnen. amasTan, unda aRiniSnos, rom am kriteriumiT SeiZleba TamaSs miRma aRmoCndnen is saxelmwifoebi, romlebsac gacilebiT meti ekonomikuri interesi aqvT kompaniis mimarT, vidre im saxelmwifos, romelic, SesaZloa, akmayofilebdes moqalaqeobis qveynis moTxovnebs diplomatiuri dacvis miznebisaTvis. miT umetes, Tanamedrove ekonomikuri da komerciuli ur- TierTobebis pirobebSi kompanias SesaZloa, saerTod ar hqondes Sexeba Tavisi inkorporaciis saxelmwifosTan, magram Zalze mWidrod iyos dakavSirebuli romelime sxva saxelmwifosTan an saxelmwifoebTan. kompania `barselona treqSenis~ saqmis mixedviT, kompaniis umetesi wili belgiis moqalaqeebis xelSi iyo, Tumca, sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT, belgias ar hqonda ufleba, diplomatiuri dacva ganexorcielebina kompaniis saxeliT, xolo kanada, romelic CaiTvala kompaniis saxeliT diplomatiuri dacvis ganxorcielebis uflebis mqone saxelmwifod, saerTod ar dainteresebula kompaniis bediT. saqme isaa, rom aseTi formalisturi midgomiT ver iqneba dakmayofilebuli am instrumentis mizani – saTanado diplomatiuri dacviT uzrunvelyos korporaciebi. amgvar SemTxvevaSi, alternatiuli kriteriumis – WeSmariti ekonomikuri interesisa da efeqturi kavSiris – gamoyenebiT ufro metad iqneboda korporaciis dacvis mizani miRweuli. saerTaSoriso samarTlis komisia Seecada, moqalaqeobis aRniSnuli barieri cotaTi mainc daewia qvemoT da muxlebis proeqtis me-9 muxlSi datova mxolod erTi kriteriumi – inkorporaciis adgili. Tumca gacilebiT mniSvnelovani winsvla iyo gamonaklisis am zogadi wesidan is, rac Caido muxlSi: `im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac korporacias akontroleben sxva qveynis an qveynebis moqalaqeebi da Tavad kompania ar eweva raime mniSvnelovan saqmianobas inkorporaciis qveyanaSi, amavdroulad, administracia mdebareobs da finansuri kontroli xorcieldeba am sxva saxelmwifodan, moqalaqeobis saxelmwifod CaiTvleba es ukanaskneli,~ 28 rac Zalze mniSvnelovani winsvlaa – gamartivda moqalaqeobis dadgenis kriteriumi da aseve gaTvaliswinebul iqna is qveynebi, romlebic, SesaZloa, gacilebiT metad iyvnen dainteresebulni korporaciis uflebaTa dacviT. korporaciebis diplomatiuri dacvis fundamenturi principis Tanaxmad, korporaciis diplomatiuri dacva unda ganxorcieldes korporaciis, da ara mis mewileTa, moqalaqeobis saxelmwifos mier. 29 sasamarTlos ganmartebiT, `SesaZloa orma sxvadasxva institutma ganicados ziani erTi da imave samarTaldarRvevis Sedegad, magram mxolod erTi maTganis ufleba CaiTvleba darRveulad~. 30 sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba – diplomatiuri dacvis ganxorcielebis eqskluziuri ufleba mieniWebina inkorporaciis saxelmwifosaTvis – aixsna ramdenime mizeziT: pirveli, korporacia da mewileebi ori gancalkevebuli warmonaqmnia. `ubralo faqti, rom ziani ganicada orivem, – korporaciam da mewilem, – ar niSnavs, imas, rom orives SeuZlia miiRos kompensacia~. 31 korporaciis gansakuTrebuli Tvisebaa is, rom mewileTa pasuxismgebloba SezRudulia da gancalkevebulia korporaciis uflebebisa da pasuxismgeblobebisgan; meore, ucxoeli mewileebi fulis dabandebisas iTvaliswineben im risks, rom inkorporaciis saxelmwifom SesaZloa, ar ganaxorcielos korporaciis diplomatiuri dacvis diskreciuli ufleba; 32 bolos, sasamarTlos ganmartebiT, mewileTa saxelmwifosaTvis diplomatiuri dacvis ganxorcieleba gamoiwvevs davaTa mravalmxrivobas. Tuki, rogorc sasamarTlo ganmartavs, mewile da korporacia ori damoukidebeli institutia, maSin gaugebaria, ratom ar SeiZleba, orive maTganis saxelmwifos 226
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