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l. fafiaSvili, arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis zogierTi sakiTxi Semdegi: 1. arasapatimro programebis xelmisawvdomoba, romelic moicavs xelmZRvanelobasa da zedamxedvelobas, probacias, sazogadoebriv samsaxurs, dazaralebulTa kompensirebasa da restitucias, jgufur konsultaciebs.; 2. sapatimro dawesebulebebi unda iyos sakmarisad patara, raTa gaadvildes individualuri zrunva da imgvarad unda iyos decentralizebuli, rom arasrulwlovans mieces saSualeba, es mzrunveloba miiRos Tavis sazogadoebasTan axlos; 3. sapatimro reabilitaciis programebis xelmisawvdomoba, ganaTlebis, konsultaciis, profesiuli wvrTnisa da dasvenebis CaTvliT, adaptirebuli gansxvavebuli tipis damnaSaveTa moTxovnebze, sazogadoebriv samsaxurebTan TanamSromlobiT da programebis SesaZleblobis farglebSi; 4. sazogadoebisagan izolireba ar unda iyos aucileblobaze meti da dapatimrebul- Ta kavSiri sakuTar ojaxebTan xelSewyobili da gamartivebuli unda iyos, Tuki es ar ewinaaRmdegeba bavSvis interesebs; 5. efeqturi, damoukidebeli meqanizmebi, romelnic Seqmnilia, raTa gamoZiebul iqnes saCivrebi bavSvis uflebaTa damr- Rvevi samarTaldamcavi organoebis an Tanamdebobis pirTa winaaRmdeg. saerTaSoriso dokumentebi bavSvTa da mozardTa didi raodenobisaTvis arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi CarTva realobaa, am mzardi problemis pasuxad gaerom miiRo rigi saerTaSoriso dokumentebisa, romelnic pirdapir bavSvTa uflebebsa da arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulebs exeba. arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani dokumenti bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaa (kerZod, 37-e, 39-e, me-40 muxlebi), romelsac amyarebs arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi gaeros minimaluri standartebi da normebi. minimaluri standartebi moicavs: arasrulwlovanTa mimarT marTlmsajulebis aRsrulebis Sesaxeb gaeros minimalur standartul wesebs (pekinis wesebi), arasrulwlovanTa Soris danaSaulis Tavidan acilebis Sesaxeb gaeros saxelmZRvanelo principebsa (riadis principebi) da gaeros TavisuflebaaRkveTil arasrulwlovanTa dacvis minimalur standartebs (havanis wesebi), da ufro axals – venis sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi arasrulwlovanebTan muSaobis saxelmZRvanelo principebs. gaeros minimaluri standartebi da normebi emateba, avrcobs da amyarebs gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis debulebebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom saxelmZRvanelo principebi pirdapir ar avaldebulebs saqarTvelos, `isini erToblivad qmnian universaluri standartebis mTlian pakets da gansazRvraven msoflios sazogadoebis mier gasaTvaliswinebel sasurvel praqtikas~. gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia naTlad gansazRvravs, rom arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis Taobaze kanonebis SemuSavebisa da ganxorcielebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia bavSvTa xelSeuvali specialuri moTxovnebi da daucveloba. arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemis upirvelesi amocana unda iyos ara dasja danaSaulis CadenisaTvis, aramed – arasrulwlovanis reabilitacia da reintegracia. ramdenime aTwleulis manZilze arsebuli saerTaSoriso dokumentebi adgenen standartebs da Seicaven saxelmZRvanelo principebs arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis aRsrulebis Taobaze. miuxedavad amisa, maTSi Sesuli uflebebi, normebi da principebi regularulad ignorirebulia, xSirad daucvelia da xandaxan seriozulad darRveulia. gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis wevri yvela saxelmwifo (gardamavali da susti ekonomikis SemTxvevaSic) valdebulia, `gamoyos SesaZlo resursebis maqsimaluri raodenoba konvenciis ganxorcielebisaTvis da prioriteti unda mieniWoT bavSvebs~. 2 sadReiso amocanaa, bavSvTa uflebebis universaluri miReba gardaiqmnas maTi uflebebis universalur dacvad. I. gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia – UNCRC (1989). bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia pirveli saerTaSoriso dokumentia bavSvTa Tavisuflebis aRkveTaze saerTaSorisosamarTlebriv regulirebasTan mimarTebiT erTiani midgomis SesamuSaveblad. bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis yvelaze specifikuri muxlebi arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebasTan 157
saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnali, #1, 2008 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, N1, 2008 dakavSirebiT aris 37-e da me-40. bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis 37-e muxlis pirveli punqti specialurad icavs TavisuflebaaRkveTil bavSvebs maTi samarTliani procesis darRvevisagan da icavs maTi pirovnuli xelSeuxeblobis uflebas. igi: • krZalavs wamebas, sastik, araadamianur, Rirsebis Semlaxvel mopyrobas an sasjels, sikvdiliT dasjas, samudamo patimrobas, Tavisuflebis aRkve- Tas ukanonod an TviTneburad, dakavebas an dapatimrebas; • iTvaliswinebs, rom dakaveba an dapatimreba gamoyenebul unda iqnes mxolod, rogorc ukiduresi zoma da rac SeiZleba naklebi periodis ganmavlobaSi; • aRwers TavisuflebaaRkveTili bavSvebis uflebas, epyrobodnen adamianurad da pirovnebis Rirsebis pativiscemiT, ise, rom gaTvaliswinebuli iyos misi asaki, gancalkevebuli iyos ufrosebisagan, SeinarCunos ojaxTan kavSiri, dauyovnebliv miiRos samar- Tlebrivi da sxva Sesabamisi daxmareba, gaaprotestos misi Tavisuflebis aRkveTis kanoniereba da daelodos dauyovnebliv gadawyvetilebis gamotanas nebismieri aseTi procesualuri qmedebis Taobaze. ufro metic, me-40 muxli moicavs uflebebs yvela bavSvisas, vinc Caidina danaSauli da dakavSirebulia iseT sakiTxebTan, rogorebicaa: principi nullum crimen sine lage – ar arsebobs danaSauli, rom ar iyos gaTvaliswinebuli kanoniT; minimaluri dacvis garantia sadamsjelo proceduris yvela etapze; kanonebis, procedurebis, organoebisa da dawesebulebebis Camoyalibeba uSualod iseTi bavSvebisaTvis, romlebic braldebulni an cnobilni arian sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis damrRvevebad, da aseve, adgens sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis minimalur asaks. damnaSave bavSvisadmi mopyroba xels unda uwyobdes misi Rirsebisa da sakuTari Tavis mniSvnelobis grZnobis ganviTarebas, rac mas ganumtkicebs adamianis uflebebisa da sxva ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebisadmi pativiscemas, gaiTvaliswinebs bavSvis asaks da xels Seuwyobs mis reintegracias, Tavdajerebulobis ganmtkicebas sazogadoebaSi misi sasargeblo rolis Sesaxeb, aseve gaiTvaliswinebs alternatiul instituciuri movlis sakiTxebs. wevri saxelmwifoebisagan igi moiTxovs, uzrunvelyos, rom arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis gansakuTrebuli sistemis miznebi iyos ufro pozitiuri, vidre damsjelobiTi. arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis aRsrulebis Sesaxeb gaeros minimaluri standartuli wesebi – pekinis wesebi (1985). pekinis wesebi pirveli saer- TaSorisosamarTlebrivi dokumentia, romelic mTlianad adgens arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis aRsrulebis wesebs. maT praqtikulad win gauswres bavSvis uflebaTa konvencias. isini specialurad aris naxsenebi gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis SesavalSi. pekinis wesebi saxelmwifoebs uwesebs miTiTebebs bavSvis uflebaTa dacvisa da arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis calke da specializebuli sistemebis ganviTarebisaTvis, maTi moTxovnebis pativiscemis Sesaxeb. saxelmwifoebisaTvis rekomendebulia, gamoiyenon yvela SesaZlo resursi, `maT Soris: ojaxi, moxaliseebi da sazogadoebis sxva jgufebi, iseve, rogorc skolebi da sxva sazogadoebrivi dawesebulebebi~, raTa ganxorcieldes ori mizani: 1) minimumamde iyos dayvanili `kanonis gamoyenebis~ aucilebloba da 2) Semcirdes ziani, romelic SeiZleba gamoiwvios iseTma Carevam, rogoricaa `kanonmdeblobis damrRvev arasrulwlovanebTan mopyroba efeqturad, samarTlianad da humanurad~. pekinis wesebi iTvaliswinebs, rom dapatimreba unda iqnes gamoyenebuli mxolod rogorc sasjelis ukiduresi zoma (ultimium refugium), rac SeiZleba, mokle vadiT da Sesabamisad: mxars uWers institucionalizaciis alternativis gamoyenebas, rac SeiZleba, maqsimalur zRvramde. minimaluri Carevis principi mniSvnelovnad exmareba axalgazrdebs, romlebic cnobili arian damnaSaveebad... pekinis wesebis Sesabamisad: sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis asaki ar unda iyos `Zalian dabali~ da unda iTvaliswinebdes mozardis emociuri, sulieri da inteleqtualuri ganviTareb- 158
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FROM THE EDITORIAL BOARD The Journa
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STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC
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MARIAM GOTSIRIDZE DIPLOMATIC PROTEC
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