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g. miqanaZe, ombudsmenis instituti 1964 wlis arCevnebisaTvis es sakiTxi Tavis winasaarCevno programaSi Seitana, ar- CevnebSi gaimarjva da sami wlis Semdeg, 1967 wels miRebul iqna kanoni saparlamento rwmunebulis Sesaxeb. 1960-70-iani wlebis mijnaze es instituti fexs ikidebs aSS-is sxvadasxva Stat- Si, 1973 wels – safrangeTSi, 1976 wels – portugaliaSi, 1981 wels – espaneTSi, 1982 wels – holandiaSi, 1988 wels – poloneT- Si, xolo 1995 wels – saqarTveloSi (saxalxo damcvelis Sesaxeb muxli pirvelad saqarTvelos 1995 wlis konstituciaSi gaCnda, organuli kanoni `saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis Sesaxeb~ miRebul iqna 1996 wlis 16 maiss, xolo pirveli saxalxo damcveli saqarTvelos parlamentma 1997 wlis 29 oqtombers airCia). 1 saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi xSiria ombudsmenis sxvadasxva saxelwodeba. ker- Zod, safrangeTSi mas mediators uwodeben, portugaliaSi – iusticiis provedors, espaneTSi, saqarTvelos msgavsad, – saxalxo damcvels, poloneTSi – rwmunebuls da sxva. miuxedavad saxelwodeba- Ta aseTi mravalferovnebisa, termin `ombudsmens~ SenarCunebuli aqvs Tavisi gansakuTrebuli adgili, rogorc adamianis uflebaTa dacvis am meqanizmis saerTo aRmniSvnels. gamocdileba adasturebs, rom ombudsmenis institutze moTxovnileba yvelaze metad maSin warmoiSoba, roca moqmed institutebs saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis organoebis mimarT sakontrolo uflebebis ganxorcielebis unari ar SeswevT da saWiroa administraciis TviTnebobisagan moqalaqeTa uflebebis damatebiTi dacva. ombudsmenis institutis Seqmna mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli rogorc xelisuflebis danawilebis TeoriasTan, aseve sazogadoebis Tanamedrove ganviTarebasa Tu saxelmwifo da administraciuli saqmianobis gafarToebasTan. es ukanaskneli ki iwvevs saxelmwifo-administraciul organoebsa da moqalaqeebs Soris uTanxmoebis zrdas. aRniSnuls xels uwyobs saxelmwifo aparatSi TanamSromel- Ta ricxvis mudmivi zrda, samarTlebrivi normebisa da miwerilobebis didi raodenoba, aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis saqmianobaze parlamentis sainformacio deficiti, administraciul sasamarTlo- Ta saqmeebiT gadatvirTva da sxv. aseT pirobebSi moqalaqe yoveldRiurad ganicdis administraciul da sxva biurokratiul organoTa zemoqmedebas, rac saxelmwifosadmi maTs ukmayofilebasa da undoblobas iwvevs. yovelive zemoTqmulidan SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom ombudsmenis institutis gavrceleba da zogierTi qveynis politikur-samarTlebriv sistemaSi CarTva ganpirobebulia sazogadoebis cxovrebis yvela socialur sferoSi saxelmwifos SeRweviT, saxelmwifos administraciuli funqciebis gafarToebiT, saxelmwifoebrivi regulirebis gziT, rac sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebis rolsa da administraciuli aparatis poziciebs ganamtkicebs. garda zemoTqmulisa, arsebobs sxva garemoebebi, romlebic zogierT qveyana- Si ombudsmenis institutis Seqmnis mizezs asaxavs. ZiriTadad, es aris saxelmwifoebrivi saqmianobis yvela sferoSi samarTlebrivi funqciebis gafarToeba, saxelmwifos administraciuli funqciebis gazrda, ris safuZvelzec wina planze gamodis aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba da iqmneba administraciul gadawyvetilebaTa personalizaciisa da individualizaciis saWiroeba. ombudsmeni sxva saxelmwifo organoebTan mimarTebiT afar- Toebs parlamentis tradiciul sakontrolo funqciebs. swored amitom msoflios mravalma qveyanam ombudsmenis institutis CamoyalibebiT Seavso moqmedi sakontrolo funqciebi. ombudsmenis kompetenciaSi ar Sedis moqalaqeTa Soris davebis ganxilva. – misi saqmianobis sferoa urTierToba moqalaqesa da saxelmwifo organos, sazogadoebriv organizacias, dawesebulebas Soris. qveyanaTa umravlesobaSi ombudsmenis funqcia aris kontroli mxolod saxelmwifoebrivi instanciis, mosamsaxureTa da im pirTa saqmianobaze, romlebic mTavrobis davalebiT muSaoben da administraciul funqciebs axorcieleben, e.i. kontroli `moqalaqe – aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba~ urTierTobebis sferoSi. es aris Sida da sagangebo kontroli. misi ganxorcieleba xdeba ombudsmenis iniciativiT, moqalaqeTa moTxovnis an saCivrebis safuZvelze. xSirad ombudsmeni situacias ganixilavs ara marto gadawyvetilebis kanon- 177
saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnali, #1, 2008 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, N1, 2008 Tan Sesabamisobisa da administraciis moqmedebis gaTvaliswinebiT, aramed mas SeuZlia, saxelmwifo organoebis saqmianoba kompleqsurad Seiswavlos da miiRos gadawyvetileba maTi moqmedebis samarTlianobasa da mizanSewonilobaze. aRniSnuli gansakuTrebiT im saxelmwifoebs exeba, romlebSic kontroli administraciis moqmedebis kanonierebaze administraciul sasamarTloTa meSveobiT xorcieldeba. sakontrolo RonisZiebebis Sedegi, upirveles yovlisa, moqalaqe- Ta uflebebis ganxorcieleba da saxelmwifo administraciis saqmianobaSi xarvezebis aRmofxvraa. Tanamedrove msoflioSi moqalaqeebi uflebebis dasacavad upiratesobas ani- Weben aratradiciul saSualebebs. ombudsmenis instituti damoukidebelia da asrulebs Tavis funqciebs, miuxedavad imisa, rom igi samarTlebrivi kontrolis sistemis Semadgeneli nawilia. ombudsmenis saqmianoba, moqalaqeTa uflebebis damcveli sxva organoebisagan gansxvavebiT, ufro demokratiulia da ganmtkicebulia ufasod gaweuli samsaxuris principiT. yvelaze ukeT misi daniSnuleba gamoixateba daniis ombudsmenis institutis ofisis karebze mikrul abraze dawerili ori sityviT – `karebi Riaa~. sxva samarTaldamcavi organoebisagan ombudsmeni imiT gansxvavdeba, rom igi dakavebulia mxolod moqalaqeTa uflebebiT. Sesabamisi kompetenturi organoebisadmi mimarTviT, igi aiZulebs maT, kanonis Sesabamisad, ganixilon sadavo situaciebi. ombudsmeni damoukidebelia Tavisi funqciebis ganxorcielebisas da gamoZiebis Casatareblad flobs yvela saWiro uflebamosilebas. ombudsmenis umTavresi funqcia adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa darRvevis faqtebis gamovlena da darRveuli uflebebis aRdgenis xelSewyobaa. am mizniT, igi zedamxedvelobs saxelmwifo xelisuflebis, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis, Tanamdebobisa da iuridiul pirTa saqmianobas, afasebs maT mier miRebul aqtebs, aZlevs rekomendaciebsa da winadadebebs. erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi funqcia, romelsac es instituti atarebs, adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis sferoSi saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis warmoebaa. administraciuli organoebi da Tanamdebobisa Tu iuridiuli pirebi valdebuli arian, warudginon masalebi, sabu- Tebi da sxva informacia, romelic esaWiroeba ombudsmens Tavisi uflebamosilebis gansaxorcieleblad. Semowmebis Catarebisas ombudsmeni daubrkoleblad Sedis saxelmwifo xelisuflebisa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis nebismier organoSi, sawarmoSi, organizaciasa da dawesebulebaSi, maT Soris samxedro qvedanayofSi, dakavebis, winaswari patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis SezRudvis adgilebSi. saxelmwifo organo, Tanamdebobis an iuridiuli piri, romelsac rekomendaciiT an winadadebiT mimarTavs ombudsmeni, valdebulia, kanonmdeblobiT dadgenil vadaSi ganixilos da werilobiT acnobos mas ganxilvis Sedegebi. ombudsmenis saqmianobisaTvis dabrkolebaTa Seqmna isjeba kanoniT. ombudsmenis saqmianobas farTo sazogadoebrivi rezonansi aqvs, radgan igi wliuri muSaobis Sedegebs moxsenebis saxiT warudgens mis amrCev an damniSvnel organos. aRniSnul moxsenebaSi mocemulia aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis mxridan moqalaqeTa uflebebis darRvevis faqtebi. wliuri moxseneba xels uwyobs adamianis uflebebis sferoSi arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb sazogadoebis informirebas. rogorc wesi, umravles qveyanaSi, sadac ombudsmenis instituti funqcionirebs, amgvari angariSis wardgena misi amrCevi an damniSvneli organos winaSe weliwadSi erTxel xdeba. aRniSnulidan gamonaklisia saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli. 1999 wels evropis sabWom saqarTvelos am saerTaSoriso organizaciaSi gawevrianebisas erT-erT moTxovnad wauyena `saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis Sesaxeb~ organul kanonSi Semdegi cvlilebis Setana – saxalxo damcvels parlamentisTvis angariSi weliwadSi ara erTxel, aramed orjer unda waredgina. saqarTvelos parlamentma 1999 wlis 23 ivniss daakmayofila evropis sabWos aRniSnuli moTxovna da organuli kanonis 22-e muxlis pirveli punqti Camoayaliba Semdegi redaqciiT: `saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli saqarTvelos parlaments warudgens angariSs qveyanaSi adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis 178
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ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis sa
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saredaqcio kolegia mTavari redaqtor
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FROM THE EDITORIAL BOARD The Journa
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irine qurdaZe saerTaSoriso da Sidas
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i. qurdaZe, saerTaSoriso da Sidasax
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STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC
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I. KURDADZE, STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
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afxazeTSi qarTveli mosaxleobis eTni
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l. aleqsiZe, afxazeTSi qarTveli mos
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L. ALEXIDZE, VITAL ROLE OF OSCE IN
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qeTevan xuciSvili suverenuli imunit
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q. xuciSvili, suverenuli imuniteteb
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imunitetebiT daculi sisxlis samarTl
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adamianis uflebaTa masobrivad damrR
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statiis SezRuduli formatis gamo, sa
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statiaSi naCvenebi iyo, rom saxelmw
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KETEVAN KHUTSISHVILI SHALL PROTECTI
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K. KHUTSISHVILI, SHALL PROTECTION O
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e. siraZe, sanapiro saxelmwifos iur
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E. SIRADZE, JURISDICTION OF THE COA
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e. siWinava, `gonivruli vadis~ moTx
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ELENE SICHINAVA “A REASONABLE TIM
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E. SICHINAVA, “A REASONABLE TIME
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m. gociriZe, fizikuri da iuridiuli
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MARIAM GOTSIRIDZE DIPLOMATIC PROTEC
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M. GOTSIRIDZE, DIPLOMATIC PROTECTIO
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M. GOTSIRIDZE, DIPLOMATIC PROTECRIO
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danarTi, saqarTvelos kanoni diploma
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