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saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnali, #1, 2008 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, N1, 2008<br />
dakavSirebiT aris 37-e da me-40. bavSvis<br />
uflebaTa konvenciis 37-e muxlis pirveli<br />
punqti specialurad icavs TavisuflebaaRkveTil<br />
bavSvebs maTi samarTliani<br />
procesis darRvevisagan da icavs maTi pirovnuli<br />
xelSeuxeblobis uflebas. igi:<br />
• krZalavs wamebas, sastik, araadamianur,<br />
Rirsebis Semlaxvel mopyrobas an<br />
sasjels, sikvdiliT dasjas, samudamo<br />
patimrobas, Tavisuflebis aRkve-<br />
Tas ukanonod an TviTneburad, dakavebas<br />
an dapatimrebas;<br />
• iTvaliswinebs, rom dakaveba an dapatimreba<br />
gamoyenebul unda iqnes mxolod,<br />
rogorc ukiduresi zoma da rac<br />
SeiZleba naklebi periodis ganmavlobaSi;<br />
• aRwers TavisuflebaaRkveTili bavSvebis<br />
uflebas, epyrobodnen adamianurad<br />
da pirovnebis Rirsebis pativiscemiT,<br />
ise, rom gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
iyos misi asaki, gancalkevebuli iyos<br />
ufrosebisagan, SeinarCunos ojaxTan<br />
kavSiri, dauyovnebliv miiRos samar-<br />
Tlebrivi da sxva Sesabamisi daxmareba,<br />
gaaprotestos misi Tavisuflebis<br />
aRkveTis kanoniereba da daelodos<br />
dauyovnebliv gadawyvetilebis gamotanas<br />
nebismieri aseTi procesualuri<br />
qmedebis Taobaze.<br />
ufro metic, me-40 muxli moicavs uflebebs<br />
yvela bavSvisas, vinc Caidina danaSauli<br />
da dakavSirebulia iseT sakiTxebTan,<br />
rogorebicaa: principi nullum crimen<br />
sine lage – ar arsebobs danaSauli,<br />
rom ar iyos gaTvaliswinebuli kanoniT;<br />
minimaluri dacvis garantia sadamsjelo<br />
proceduris yvela etapze; kanonebis,<br />
procedurebis, organoebisa da dawesebulebebis<br />
Camoyalibeba uSualod iseTi<br />
bavSvebisaTvis, romlebic braldebulni<br />
an cnobilni arian sisxlis samarTlis<br />
kanonmdeblobis damrRvevebad, da aseve,<br />
adgens sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis<br />
minimalur asaks. damnaSave bavSvisadmi<br />
mopyroba xels unda uwyobdes<br />
misi Rirsebisa da sakuTari Tavis mniSvnelobis<br />
grZnobis ganviTarebas, rac mas<br />
ganumtkicebs adamianis uflebebisa da<br />
sxva ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebisadmi pativiscemas,<br />
gaiTvaliswinebs bavSvis asaks<br />
da xels Seuwyobs mis reintegracias, Tavdajerebulobis<br />
ganmtkicebas sazogadoebaSi<br />
misi sasargeblo rolis Sesaxeb, aseve<br />
gaiTvaliswinebs alternatiul instituciuri<br />
movlis sakiTxebs. wevri saxelmwifoebisagan<br />
igi moiTxovs, uzrunvelyos,<br />
rom arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis<br />
gansakuTrebuli sistemis miznebi<br />
iyos ufro pozitiuri, vidre damsjelobiTi.<br />
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis<br />
aRsrulebis Sesaxeb gaeros minimaluri<br />
standartuli wesebi – pekinis<br />
wesebi (1985). pekinis wesebi pirveli saer-<br />
TaSorisosamarTlebrivi dokumentia,<br />
romelic mTlianad adgens arasrulwlovanTa<br />
marTlmsajulebis aRsrulebis<br />
wesebs. maT praqtikulad win gauswres<br />
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencias. isini specialurad<br />
aris naxsenebi gaeros bavSvis<br />
uflebaTa konvenciis SesavalSi.<br />
pekinis wesebi saxelmwifoebs uwesebs<br />
miTiTebebs bavSvis uflebaTa dacvisa da<br />
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis<br />
calke da specializebuli sistemebis ganviTarebisaTvis,<br />
maTi moTxovnebis pativiscemis<br />
Sesaxeb.<br />
saxelmwifoebisaTvis rekomendebulia,<br />
gamoiyenon yvela SesaZlo resursi,<br />
`maT Soris: ojaxi, moxaliseebi da sazogadoebis<br />
sxva jgufebi, iseve, rogorc skolebi<br />
da sxva sazogadoebrivi dawesebulebebi~,<br />
raTa ganxorcieldes ori mizani:<br />
1) minimumamde iyos dayvanili `kanonis<br />
gamoyenebis~ aucilebloba da<br />
2) Semcirdes ziani, romelic SeiZleba<br />
gamoiwvios iseTma Carevam, rogoricaa<br />
`kanonmdeblobis damrRvev arasrulwlovanebTan<br />
mopyroba efeqturad, samarTlianad<br />
da humanurad~.<br />
pekinis wesebi iTvaliswinebs, rom dapatimreba<br />
unda iqnes gamoyenebuli mxolod<br />
rogorc sasjelis ukiduresi zoma<br />
(ultimium refugium), rac SeiZleba, mokle<br />
vadiT da Sesabamisad: mxars uWers institucionalizaciis<br />
alternativis gamoyenebas,<br />
rac SeiZleba, maqsimalur zRvramde.<br />
minimaluri Carevis principi mniSvnelovnad<br />
exmareba axalgazrdebs, romlebic<br />
cnobili arian damnaSaveebad...<br />
pekinis wesebis Sesabamisad: sisxlissamarTlebrivi<br />
pasuxismgeblobis asaki<br />
ar unda iyos `Zalian dabali~ da unda iTvaliswinebdes<br />
mozardis emociuri, sulieri<br />
da inteleqtualuri ganviTareb-<br />
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