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i. giviaSvili, bolo periodSi ruseTis federaciis mxridan saqarTvelos mimarT ... gaeros wesdebiTa da helsinkis 1975 wlis daskvniTi aqtiT, ise yvela universalur Tu regionalur (dsT) saerTaSoriso organizaciaTa damfuZnebeli dokumentebiT. ruseTis federaciis mier ganxorcielebuli qmedebebi, romlebic ,,argumentirebulia“konfliqtis zonaSi ruseTis federaciis moqalaqeTa dacviT, Seusabamoa im ZiriTad valdebulebasTan, romelic gamomdinareobs `adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciidan. kerZod, konvenciis pirveli muxlis Tanaxmad, xelSemkvrel mxareebs ekisrebaT valdebuleba, uzrunvelyon adamianis uflebebis dacva mxolod sakuTari iurisdiqciis farglebSi 5 . gadawyvetileba imis Taobaze, rom ruseTis federaciis sagareo saqmeTa saministros teritoriuli organoebi krasnodaris mxaresa da CrdiloeT oseT-alaniis respublikaSi, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, ganaxorcieleben sakonsulo funqciebs, arRvevs venis 1963 wlis sakonsulo urTierTobebis Sesaxeb konvencias 6 . xolo gadawyvetileba separatistul reJimebTan samoqalaqo, saojaxo da sisxlissamarTlebriv sakiTxebSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb aris dsT-is 1993 wlis samoqalaqo, saojaxo da sisxlissamarTlebriv sakiTxeb- Si samarTlebrivi urTierTdaxmarebis Sesaxeb konvenciisa 7 da 1959 wlis sisxlis samarTlis sakiTxebSi urTierTdaxmarebis Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciis darRveva 8 . Sesabamisad, saxezea saerTaSoriso valdebulebebis pirnaTlad Sesrulebis saerTaSoriso samarTlis principis dar- Rveva. aseve uxeSad ugulebelyofilia saerTaSoriso saxelSekrulebo samarTalSi damkvidrebuli da saerTaSoriso saxelSekrulebo samarTlis Sesaxeb venis 1969 wlis konvenciiT ganmtkicebuli principi – pacta sunt servanta – xelSekruleba unda Sesruldes. 3. saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros upiloto (mzveravi) TviTmfrinavis Camogdebis saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi analizi 2008 wlis 20 aprils saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros upiloto (mzveravi) TviTmfrinavi gasrolis Sedegad saqarTvelos teritoriis, konkretulad ki afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis teritoriis, sahaero sivrceSi Camoagdo gamanadgurebelma. qarTuli mxaris mtkicebiT, aRniSnuli upiloto TviTmfrinavi Camoagdo ruseTis federaciis gamanadgurebelma. saqarTvelom saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi Sefaseba unda misces aRniSnul movlenas. 3.1. Zalis gamoyenebis akrZalvis principi gaeros wesdebis 9 me-2 muxlis me-4 punqtSi Camoyalibebulia Zalis gamoyenebis akrZalvis principi, kerZod, dadgenilia, rom gaeros yvela wevrma saxelmwifom Tavi unda Seikavos meore saxelmwifos teritoriuli mTlianobis an politikuri damoukideblobis winaaRmdeg muqarisa Tu Zalis gamoyenebisagan. unda aRiniSnos, rom Zalis gamoyeneba am muxlSi gulisxmobs samxedro Zalas. 10 saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros upiloto (mzveravi) TviTmfrinavis Camogdeba meore saxelmwifos mier udavod Zalis gamoyenebis akrZalvis principis darRvevaa, romelic ganmtkicebulia gaeros wesdebis me-2 muxlis me-4 punqtSi. 3.2. agresiis aqti 1974 wels gaeros generalurma asambleam miiRo 3314-e rezolucia agresiis gansazRvrebis Sesaxeb 11 . aRniSnuli rezoluciis 1-li muxlis Tanaxmad, agresiaa erTi saxelmwifos mier samxedro Zalis gamoyeneba meore saxelmwifos suverenitetis, teritoriuli mTlianobis an politikuri damoukideblobis winaa- Rmdeg. rezoluciis me-2 muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu erTma saxelmwifom samxedro Zala pirvelma gamoiyena da amiT daarRvia gaeros wesdeba, maSin misi moqmedeba ganixileba rogorc prima facie mtkicebuleba agresiis aqtis ganxorcielebisa. Tumca, aRsani- Snavia, amave muxlis Tanaxmad, gaeros uSi- Sroebis sabWom SeiZleba daadginos, rom moqmedeba ar kvalificirdeba rogorc agresia, arasakmarisi simZimis gamo. rezoluciis me-3 muxlSi CamoTvlilia moqmedebani, romlebic, miuxedavad omis gamocxadebisa, CaiTvleba agresiis aqtad: 209
saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnali, #1, 2008 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, N1, 2008 `a) erTi saxelmwifos samxedro Zalebis mier meore saxelmwifos teritoriaze SeWra an Seteva, an nebismieri samxedro okupacia, Tundac droebiTi, romelic aseTi SeWris an Setevis Sedegia, an sxva saxelmwifos teritoriis an misi nawilis nebismieri aneqsia samxedro Zalis gamoyenebiT; b) erTi saxelmwifos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mier mier meore saxelmwifos teritoriis dabombva, an erTi saxelmwifos mier meore saxelmwifos teritoriis winaaRmdeg raime sxva saxis iaraRis gamoyeneba; c) erTi saxelmwifos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mier meore saxelmwifos navsadgurebis an sanapiroebis blokada; d) erTi saxelmwifos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mier meore saxelmwifos saxmele- To, sazRvao an sahaero Zalebze Seteva; e) erTi saxelmwifos mier SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gamoyeneba im saxelmwifos teritoriaze, sadac imyofeba mimReb saxelmwifosTan SeTanxmebiT, rodesac Zalis gamoyeneba arRvevs aseTi SeTanxmebis pirobebs an SeTanxmebis vadis Sewyvetis Semdeg maT teritoriaze yofnis nebismieri gaxangrZliveba; f) erTi saxelmwifos mier ganxorcielebuli qmedeba, romelic nebas rTavs meore saxelmwifos, raTa misi teritoria gamoyenebul iqnes am ukanasknelis mier mesame saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg agresiis aqtis gansaxorcieleblad; g) erTi saxelmwifos mier, an misi saxeliT, SeiaraRebuli bandebis, jgufebis, araregularuli SenaerTebis an daqiravebuli pirebis gagzavna, romlebic axorcieleben samxedro Zalebis moqmedebebs meore saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg iseTi sim- ZimiT, rom ganixilebian rogorc zemoT CamoTvlili aqtebi, an maTSi arsebiTi monawileobis miReba~. saqarTvelos konstituciisa me-3 muxlisa da saxelmwifo sazRvris Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis me-2 muxlis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos teritoria moicavs saqarTvelos teritoriis sahaero sivrces, Sesabamisad, ucxo saxelmwifos gamanadgureblis mier saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros upiloto (mzveravi) TviTmfrinavis Camogdeba saqarTvelos sahaero sivrceSi udavod aris saqarTvelos saxelmwifos teritoriis mimarT samxedro Zalis gamoyeneba da, Sesabamisad, agresiis aqti, rac dadgenilia agresiis gansazRvrebis Sesaxeb gaeros generaluri asambleis 1974 wlis rezoluciis danarTis me-3 muxlis (b) punqtSi. 3.3. Tavdacvis uflebis gamoyenebis marTebuloba gaeros wesdebis 51-e muxlis Tanaxmad, gaeros wevr saxelmwifos aqvs Tavdacvis ufleba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu samxedro Seteva ganxorcieldeba mis winaaRmdeg. am muxlis mixedviT, Tavdacvis mizniT samxedro zomebis gamoyeneba daiSveba manam, sanam uSiSroebis sabWo miiRebs saTanado zomebs saerTaSoriso mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis aRsadgenad. Tavdacvis uflebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, saxelmwifo valdebulia, uSiSroebis sabWos miawodos informacia gatarebuli TavdacviTi zomebis Taobaze. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom, marTalia, samxedro Seteva avtomaturad warmoSobs wesdebis me-2 muxlis me- 4 punqtis (anu Zalis gamoyenebis akrZalvis principis) darRvevis prezumfcias, am muxlis darRveva yovelTvis ar kvalificirdeba samxedro Setevad 51-e muxlis mniSvnelobiT, 12 – 51-e muxlSi naxsenebi samxedro Seteva saxezea mxolod maSin, rodesac samxedro Zala gamoyenebulia SedarebiT farTo masStabebiT da arsebi- Ti xasiaTis SedegebiT (ubralo sasazRvro incidentebi, magaliTad, erTi saxelmwifos sasazRvro samxedro patrulis mier meore saxelmwifos sazRvris gadakveTa ganixileba rogorc me-2 muxlis me-4 punqtis darRveva, magram ara rogorc samxedro Seteva, 51-e muxlis Sesabamisad). 13 unda aRiniSnos, rom gaeros wesdebis komentarebis mixedviT, gaeros generaluri asambleis 1974 wlis rezoluciaSi CamoTvlili agresiis aqtebi (maT Soris, zemoT xsenebuli me-3 muxlis (b) punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli moqmedeba) SesaZlebelia, miCneul iqnes 51-e muxlSi miTiTebuli samxedro Setevis magaliTad. 14 Sesabamisad, erTi saxelmwifos mier meore saxelmwifos teritoriis mimarT samxedro Zalis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, dazaralebul saxelmwifos SeuZlia, hqondes pretenzia, gaeros wesdebis 51-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tavdacvis uflebis gamoyenebaze. 210
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FROM THE EDITORIAL BOARD The Journa
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STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC
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