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m. gociriZe, fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebis diplomatiuri dacva saerTaSoriso sajaro ... geniT ar Semoifargleba. damatebiT unda iqnes gansazRvruli, Seesabameba Tu ara piris mier moqalaqeobis mopovebis forma saerTaSoriso samarTlis moTxovnebs. yvelaze ufro mizanSewonili da logikuria, moqalaqeobis sakiTxis gansazRvra mTlianad saxelmwifos regulirebis sferoSi eqceodes. aseT SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba Tavidan iqnes acilebuli iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac moqalaqe, romelic wlebis ganmavlobaSi mWidro moqalaqeobrivi kavSiriT aris dakavSirebuli saxelmwifosTan, rCeba dacvis gareSe mxolod da mxolod imitom, rom moqalaqeobis mopovebis forma ar Seesabameba saerTaSoriso samarTlis moTxovnebs. moqalaqeobis sakiTxi amiT ar mTavrdeba. `gangrZobadi moqalaqeobis principma~, misi dRemde gaurkveveli Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba warmoSvas xelovnuri problemebi diplomatiuri dacvis ganxorcielebisaTvis. marTalia, udavoa, rom gangrZobadi moqalaqeobis arseboba calsaxad savaldebulo winapirobaa diplomatiuri dacvis ganxorcielebisaTvis, magram dRemde daudgenelia, Tu ra etapamde unda iqnes SenarCunebuli moqalaqeoba. gansakuTrebiT saSi- Sia iseTi praqtikis gamoyeneba, romelic moqalaqeobrivi kavSiris arsebobas moiTxovs saqmeze saboloo gadawyvetilebis gamotanis an aseTi gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis periodamde. saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo dawesebulebaSi samarTalwarmoeba sakmaod xangrZlivi procesia. wlebia saWiro zogierTi ganacxadis mxolod da mxolod warmoebaSi misaRebad, aRarafers vambobT saqmis ganxilvasa da saboloo gadawyvetilebis gamotanaze, miT umetes, am gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebaze. mTeli am periodis ganmavlobaSi piris mier moqalaqeobis Secvla arcTu ise ararealuria. gangrZobadi moqalaqeobis principis mkacri dacviT ki moqalaqem SesaZloa, sabolood dakargos dacvis saSualeba saerTaSoriso marTlmsajulebis farglebSi. garda zemoaRniSnulisa, arsebobs uamravi sxva moTxovna Tu winapiroba, romlebic saxelmwifom unda daakmayofilos diplomatiuri dacvis ganxorcielebis mizniT, iqneba es Sida saSualebebis amowurva, saxelmwifos qmedebaSi saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi darRvevis dadgena, ormag an mravalmxriv moqalaqeobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi, fizikuri da iuridiuli pirisa da misi mewileebis, Sesabamisad wevrebis, mimarT diplomatiuri dacvis ganxorcielebis TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswineba, Tu sxva ram. yvela am pirobis simravlisa da, zog SemTxveva- Si, sirTulis, aseve konkretul momentSi moqalaqeobis saxelmwifos sagareopolitikuri miznebisa da interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Znelia vimsjeloT, ramdenad realuria saxelmwifos mier diplomatiuri dacvis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb keTili nebis gamovlena. bolos, gasaTvaliswinebelia kidev erTi faqtori, romelzec naSromis Ziri- Tad nawilSi ar gvisaubria, im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom Seexeba saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas da ara uSualod diplomatiuri dacvis samarTlebriv meqanizms: Tuki dadginda saxelmwifos mier saerTaSoriso samarTlis darRveva, am ukanasknelma dazaralebul saxelmwifos unda gadauxados kompensacia. am SemTxvevaSic saxelmwifo flobs diskreciul uflebamosilebas, gadauxados Tu ara reparaciis Sedegad miRebuli anazRaureba samarTaldarRvevis msxverpls. saerTaSoriso samarTlis komisiamac Riad datova sakiTxi imasTan dakavSirebiT, valdebulia Tu ara saxelmwifo, dazaralebul pirs gadauxados is anazRaureba, rac kompensaciis saxiT miiRo diplomatiuri dacvis ganxorcielebis gziT wamowyebuli davis mis sasargeblod gadawyvetis Sedegad. iseve, rogorc yvela samarTlebrivi procedura, ra Tqma unda, diplomatiuri dacvac moicavs mTel rigs savaldebulo moTxovnebisas – wesebisa Tu winapirobebis dakmayofilebasa da Sesrulebas. aRniSnuli Zalze logikuri da marTebulia, Tumca diplomatiuri dacva moicavs uamravi wvrilmani pirobis, teqnikuri Tu formaluri wesisa da moTxovnis dacvis valdebulebas, ramac SesaZloa, xelovnuri barierebi warmoSvas dacvis am meqanizmis ganxorcielebisaTvis. diplomatiuri dacva – es aris saSualeba saxelmwifosaTvis, daicvas sakuTari moqalaqe sxva qveynis ukanono qmedebisagan, iseve, rogorc moqalaqeTaTvis – ucxo qveyanaSi dakarguli samarTali saerTaSoriso doneze moipovon. amdenad, mTavari amosa- 233
saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnali, #1, 2008 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, N1, 2008 vali wertili diplomatiuri dacvis ganxorcielebisas unda iyos moqalaqis uflebebisa da interesebis dacva da misTvis miyenebuli zianis gamo saTanado dakmayofilebis uzrunvelyofa. swored am mizansa da ideaze unda iyos morgebuli yvela formaluri, proceduruli, Tu sxva saxis winapiroba, rac aucilebelia diplomatiuri dacvis ganxorcielebisaTvis. rogorc naSromis ZiriTad nawilSi vnaxeT, diplomatiuri dacvis sferoSi SeiniSneba dadebiTi da sakmaod saimedo tendenciebi. gaeros saerTaSoriso samarTlis komisiam didi wvlili Seitana am mimarTulebiT da, saxelmwifoTa arsebul praqtikaze dayrdnobiT, mraval sakiTxze yvelaze liberaluri gadawyvetileba SemogvTavaza. saerTaSoriso samar- Tali swrafad ganviTarebadi dargia. vimedovnebT, uaxloes momavalSi yvela zemoaRniSnuli problema gadawydeba da diplomatiuri dacva ufro metad miuaxlovdeba im mizans, rasac saxelmwifos mier sakuTari subieqtebis uflebebisa da interesebis dacva hqvia 1 ` Shelter from the Storm: Rethinking Diplomatic Protection of Dual Nationals in Modern International Law~ (SemdgomSi – Shelter from the Storm), Craig Forcese, George Washington International Law Review, George Washington University, 2005, p. 1. 2 Shelter from the Storm, p. 472; CveulebiTi norma aris samarTlis normis saxiT damkvidrebuli sayovelTao praqtika, ix. Article 38(1)(a), Statute of the International Court of Justice, http://www.icj-cij.org/documents 3 sasamarTlo praqtika da saerTaSoriso samarTlis maRalkvalificiur mecnierTa Sromebi. ix. Article 38(1)(d), Statute of the International Court of Justice. 4 I.L.C., Report of the International Law Commission on the work of its fifty-sixth session (3 May-4 June and 5 July-6 August 2004) UN Doc. A/59/10, p.22. 5 I.L.C., Report of the International Law Commission on the work of its fifty-eighth session (2006) UN Doc. A/61/10 (SemdgomSi - Report of the International Law Comission 2006), p. 13. 6 saerTaSoriso samarTlis komisiis wevrTa naSromebi unda ganvixiloT rogorc maRalkvalificiur mecnierTa Sromebi marTlmsajulebis saer- TaSoriso sasamarTlos wesdebis 38(1)(d) muxlis konteqstSi. ix. Article 2(1), Statute of the International Law Commission, Adopted by the General Assembly in its Resolution 174 (II) of 21 November 1947. 7 Mavrommatis Palestine Concessions Case, p. 12. 8 Article 1: Definition and Scope; Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection, International Law Commission,fifty-eighth session, 2006 (SemdgomSi - Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection) 9 ix. Malcolm N. Shaw, Ìnternational Law ~ (SemdgomSi – M. N. Shaw, Ìnternational Law~), Fifth Edition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 733. 10 Mavrommatis Palestine Concessions Case, p. 12. 11 M.N. Shaw, Ìnternational Law~, p. 722. 12`Case Concerning the Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company, Limited~ (Belgium v. Spain) Second Face, Judgment of 5 January 1970I.C.J Reports, p. 44 13 ix. iqve, gv. 44. 14 `First Report on Diplomatic Protraction~, ICL, 52 Session, Doc. A/cn.4/506, 7 March 2000, para. 80. 15 ix. iqve, §80. 16 Report of the International Law Commission 2004, p.28. 17 Article 19(a), Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection 2006. 18 Report of the International Law Commission 2004, p. 29. 19 `Nationality Decrees Issued in Tunis and Morocco~, PCIJ, Advisory Opinion of 7 February 1923, Series B, No. 4, p.24. 20 Article 3, Hague Convention on Certain Questions Relating to the Conflict of Nationality Laws, 1930. 234
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