(IPPM) in Vegetables - Vegetableipmasia.org

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Resource Manual on IPPM in Vegetable World Education Philippines, Inc. g. Pruning Tunnel trellis structure Horizontal trellis on top of structure To improve yield, remove lateral branches until the runner reaches the top of the trellis. Leave 4-6 laterals and cut the tip of the main runner to induce early cropping. Removal of lateral branches in the first 10 nodes has a positive effect on the total yield. h. Irrigation Avoid water logging and/or lack of water. Bitter gourd does not like water logging nor lack of water. Irrigate the field two weeks after emergence by flooding method. Repeat irrigation every seven days throughout the growing season of October to December and as the need arises in the May to July planting. Delayed irrigation during the dry season will reduce the fruit yield and quality. Weekly irrigation during the dry season is a normal frequency. i. Pests and Diseases Fruit fly is the most destructive insect pest of bitter gourd. This fly is difficult to control because its maggot feeds inside the fruits, protected from direct contact with insecticides. Beetles, thrips, cutworms, ballworm aphids and mites are the other pests that affect bitter gourd. Bitter gourd is susceptible to any diseases. It is a host of watermelon mosaic potyvirus and it can be infected by downy mildew, cercospora leaf spot, bacterial wilt, fusarium wilt, and root knot nematode. Fungal infection often occurs during prolonged wet periods. j. Weeding To suppress the growth of weeds, mulching is done. Mulching is also done to conserve water. Hand and hoe weeding can be performed as needed k. Harvesting Bitter gourd requires close attention during harvest time. The fruits develop rapidly and must be harvested frequently to keep them from becoming too large or too bitter. Fruits 90
Resource Manual on IPPM in Vegetable World Education Philippines, Inc. should be light green, thick and juicy, and the seeds should be soft and white. Bitter gourd can be harvested every 2-3 days using a pair of scissors or a sharp knife to cut the fruit stalk. If a fruit remains too long on the vine, it will turn spongy, sour, yellow or orange, and it will split open. 4. CHAYOTE a. Introduction The chayote plant has climbing vines and leaves resembling those of a cucumbers. In the tropics the plant is a perennial with stems full of tendrils. The stem grow for 15 or more meters long. It produces separate male and female flowers, and bees are required for pollination. The light green, pearshaped fruit contains a single, edible seed about one to two inches long. Varieties range from almost smooth to deeply ridged and from cream to apple green in color. It may have nonsticking prickles covering it. The fruit may weigh from 0.23 to 0.28 kg and is 7 to 20 cm long. It was cultivated centuries ago in Central America by the Aztecs and Mayans. b. Culture Climatic requirements Chayote is a warm season crop. Vine growth is luxuriant in less favorable climatic conditions, but fruit production may be greatly reduced. Chayote blooms when daylight is shortened in late summer through fall. The fruit must mature before the cooler days. Propagation and care Some types of trellis or support are required to produce chayote. Structures similar to grape arbors are frequently used. With vine growth trained over the top, fruits can be harvested from below. Vertical trellises are also used. Plant one fruit per hill, in hills spaced 3.65m apart and in rows spaced 3.65m apart. Stem cuttings may provide greater uniformity of plant type. It can be planted with the whole fruit on its side and the stem end sloping upward. Fruit obtained from a supermarket will sprout when kept in subdued light, and are ideal for planting. Fertilization is similar to summer squash. In many areas both nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer are required. Irrigation may be required one to two times per week depending on temperature and soil texture. 91
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Compiled and published by: World Ed
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ACKNOWLEDGM ENT World Education (IN
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1. Leaves 48 2. Flower 49 3. Fruit
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Sources 203 Part XII: Farm Record K
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