(IPPM) in Vegetables - Vegetableipmasia.org

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Resource Manual on IPPM in Vegetable World Education Philippines, Inc. c. Seeding Table 7. Varieties of Onions Variety Maturity Red Pinoy 90 95 DAT Neuventa 60 70 DAT Red Viking 90 95 DAT Niagara 90 95 DAT Kaneko 90 95 DAT Rio Colorado 90 95 DAT Robins 90 100 DAT Maagap 60 DAT Batanes 90 DAT Tanduyong 90 DAT Niagara Yellow 90 100 DAS Kaneko Yellow 90 100 DAS Table 8. Growth stages of Onions Growth Stages No. of Days Seedling 30 45 DAS Recovery 3 7 DAT Vegetative/juvenile 25 30 DAT Bulb formation 30 60 DAT Maturity/Harvest 60 95 DAT The seedbed for onion is from 50 70 cm wide, elevated, at any convenient length. The number of seedbed depends on the size of the area to be planted. Plow the seedbed area as deep as possible (6 8cm) and then harrow several times. To raise the seedbed (20 30cm high), excavate the soil in the proposed pathways and put it on the proposed seedbed. The pathway shall serve as irrigation and drainage canal. Pulverize the topsoil and level the surface using hand tools like rake. You may incorporate organic fertilizer. Make shallow furrows (about 1 cm deep) horizontally across the seedbed at a spacing of 2-5cm between furrows. Put complete fertilizer (14-14-14) into the furrows and cover with fine soil. Sow the seeds at the rate of 200 250 seeds per 5 meter long at a depth twice the seed size. About 5-6 kg of seeds are needed per hectare. Cover the seeds with organic fertilizer. Put rice straw as mulch on top of the seedbed. Water the seedbed thoroughly. For Tanduyong or multiplier, the bulblets are planted in the seedbed 2-3 cm away from each other in the row. The rows are spaced 3-5 cm. Each bulblet is expected to produce from 5 to 10 seedlings which are separated during planting. About 150 200 kg of good bulblets are needed per hectare. 64
Resource Manual on IPPM in Vegetable World Education Philippines, Inc. d. Land preparation The area is plowed and harrowed several times to provide good soil tilth and to reduce the weed population significantly before planting. First plowing must be deep enough to uproot all the standing weeds. Harrow the soil and collect all uprooted weeds. Irrigate the area to allow the weed seeds to germinate. One to two weeks after germination, plow and harrow again. Repeat the whole process once more. For final land preparation, the area is plowed once and harrowed several times to pulverized soil. Levelling follows. Prepare the beds for transplanting at a desired size and distance from each bed. e. Planting By using the pointed end of a dibble (20-25 cm long rounded stick), shallow holes are made in the mulched or unmulched plot enough to accommodate the root and the surface of the base of the seedling (root plate). The lower part of the seedling is gently inserted into the shallow hole and then the soil is pressed for better contact between the soil and the roots. The ideal distance of planting is 6 x 10 cm for multiplier and 8 x 12 cm for bulb onion. In the direct seeding, 3 to 5 seeds are planted per hill at a distance of 8-15 between hills in the furrow. After planting, the seeds are covered with fine soil or organic matter. f. Fertilization When the seedlings have recovered from transplanting shock, apply 150 kgs of urea and 100 kg of muriate of potash per hectare. Repeat the application when the bulbs start to develop. Refer to soil analysis for proper fertilizer recommendations. The fertilizer material can be broadcasted or dissolved in solution. g. Irrigation Initial watering is done immediately after planting. In the unmulched plot, watering is done frequently especially during the early stages of vegetative growth and early bulbing stage. Watering should be done in the morning to avoid incidence of diseases. For mulched plot, watering can be done 5-7 days or when need arises as shown by temporary wilting. h. Pest and Diseases Common cutworm, armyworm and leaf miner often attack onion throughout its entire life cycle. Cutworm is the major pest of onion not only because of its polyphagous in nature but also to high multiplication especially during dry season. Thrips also infest the crop at warm weather. 65
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ACKNOWLEDGM ENT World Education (IN
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1. Leaves 48 2. Flower 49 3. Fruit
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