(IPPM) in Vegetables - Vegetableipmasia.org

Resource Manual on IPPM in Vegetable
World Education Philippines, Inc.
Tomato yellow
Leaf Curl Virus
Transmitted by
whitefly
(Bemisia tabaci)
Root knot
Meloidogyne
incognita
M. hapla
M. javanica
M. arenaria
M. graminicola
Namamarako
(maleness)
NMK virus
transmitted by
Aphis gossypi
and Myzus
persicae
Phomopsis Fruit
Rot
Tomato
Solanaceous
Legumes
Parsley
Cucurbits
Eggplant
having yellow blotches.
· PVY creates green mottling
and dark vein banding.
Sometimes, fruits are
malformed.
· Yellowing and curling of the
leaves and stunting. Some
varieties show severe cupping
and curling of leaves while
some exhibit rosette type of
symptoms.
· Flowers are often aborted and
wilted. Plants may be
excessively branched and
those that survive set very
little fruits.
· Affected plants exhibit
stunting and yellowing of the
leaves. During hot weather,
affected plants wilt. Root
galls or knots of varying sizes
and shapes are present on the
roots. Galls on small roots
may be as small as 1 or 2 mm
in diameter while it may
appear larger on roots.
· Typical symptoms include
wrinkling of leaves followed
by thickening of leaves,
which become shiny or
plastic in appearance. Later
older leaves most often have
yellow patches and the
number of female flowers is
severely reduced. In severe
infection, plants could be
stunted and sometimes, even
male flowers are hardly
produced
· Phomopsis is a fungal disease
that is soil-borne. It spreads
with water splashing from
soil to plants or from plant to
plant with irrigation and rain.
· Control insect vector by using
systemic insecticides like
dimethoate, fenitrothion, and
fenthion.
· Remove weeds; use barrier crops
like maize two months before
transplanting seedlings; avoid
planting solanaceous and
malvaceous plants near tomatoes,
rouging; and use of resistant
varieties.
· Egg masses of the nematodes are
enclosed by viscous coating that
protects the eggs for more than 2
years. They are disseminated via
contaminated plants, tools and
irrigation water and commonly
found in light sandy soils.
· Since root-knot nematode deposit
their eggs in an external egg
mass that is unprotected,
nematode population can be
reduced through the use of soil
fumigants and nematicides.
· The wide host range of
Meloidogyne sp. has made crop
rotation scheme difficult.
Removal and destruction of the
root system of the affected plants
which contain high population of
nematodes; deep plowing during
summer to expose the nematodes
to sun; and use of resistant plants
are helpful in managing root-knot
nematode disease.
· Sanitation or removing of weeds
that serve as alternate host of the
vector of the virus disease is one
of the preventive measures for
this disease.
· Control of the insect vector is
necessary to limit the transfer of
the disease. Proper fertilizer
management is also necessary to
produce vigorous plants.
· The most effective method or
control is to collect infected
fruits and bury them. Keep field
clean from rotting fruits, dead
leaves and branches, and weeds.
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