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Resource Manual on IPPM in Vegetable World Education Philippines, Inc. Varieties of bitter gourd differ in fruit size, color, ridging, and degree of bitterness Table 21. Growth Stages of Ampalaya Growth stage No. of Days Seedling Vegetative Flowering Fruiting/Harvesting Maturity c. Land Preparation 7 10 days after sowing (DAS) 30 35 DAS 40 45 DAS 48 55 DAS 60 70 DAS The field should be well-prepared and the soil must be well pulverized and leveled. If the soil pH is lower than 5.8 apply lime one month before planting at the rate of 1,000- 3,000 kgs/hectare depending on the soil acidity. d. Planting There are two options in planting bitter gourd, direct seeding and transplanting. Direct Seeding Sow the seeds 2 cm deep at a spacing of 30 cm between plants and 300 cm between rows. Other recommended spacing are: 200 cm x 50 cm; and 100cms x 100 cm. The recommended spacing will give you 10,000 plants/hectare or one plant/sqm. Transplanting Sow the seeds 2 cm deep in any kind of small plastic bag or small container using a potting mix that has good water holding capacity and good drainage. Water the seedling thoroughly every morning to maintain a moist but not wet soil. Grow the seedlings in full sun with adequate protection against heavy rains, winds and stray animals. Harden the seedlings by reducing the watering three days before transplanting. At transplanting, remove the plastic bag or container with minimum disturbance to the roots. Do not delay transplanting too long beyond the first true leaf stage. Transplant on cloudy days or late in the afternoon. Transplant seedlings into the field at spacing similar to those used for the direct seeding method. 88
Resource Manual on IPPM in Vegetable World Education Philippines, Inc. e. Fertilization Bitter gourd responds well to the use of organic fertilizer. If ever possible organic fertilizer should be given at sowing time. If high amounts of organic fertilizers are used (more than 5,000 kilos of pure manure per hectare) the rate of usage of inorganic fertilizers may be reduced. Fertilizer application rates depend on the soil type, fertility level, and soil organic matter. In sandy soils, fertilizer application consists of a basal application followed by four sidedressing. In clay or heavy textured soils, the entire amount of P, and one-third of N and K is applied before planting, either by broadcasting and tilling or by banding a few centimeters deep and to the side of the plant row in the bed. The balance of N and K is applied in two or more sidedressings. No matter the soil type, the first sidedressing is applied when plants have four to six true leaves. f. Staking and Trellising Bitter gourd grows very fast and vines elongate rapidly within two weeks after planting. Thereafter, the plant sends out lateral stems. Staking and trellising will increase fruit yield and size, reduce fruit rot, and make harvesting easier. There are several methods of trellising bitter gourd. Bamboo poles, wood stakes, PVC pipes or other sturdy materials are used to provide support and keep the fruit and foliage off the ground. The trellis is arranged either in a leanto or tunnel structure. The trellis should be 1.8-2.0 m high, constructed from stakes 1.2- 1.8 m apart, which is almost similar to the plant row spacing. For the lean-to type, the stakes are joined between two adjoining beds forming an A-shape structure. Horizontal stakes are installed at the top joining all other beds. The stakes support Lean-to trellis structures the climbing vines and lateral stems. Strings are used to secure adjoining stakes. Planting is easier to manage and more productive when 2-m high string trellises are used rather than 1-m- high trellises. For tunnel type, plants are grown inside an arch-shape structure made of either PVC or galvanized iron pipe. Plants are supported by bamboo stakes where vines freely climb and reach the top. The vines and lateral stems grow along the structure. Another type of trellising consists of a system of string that runs between the top and bottom of horizontal wires, or horizontal wires that run across all directions as top. 89
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Compiled and published by: World Ed
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ACKNOWLEDGM ENT World Education (IN
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1. Leaves 48 2. Flower 49 3. Fruit
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Sources 203 Part XII: Farm Record K
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