(IPPM) in Vegetables - Vegetableipmasia.org

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Resource Manual on IPPM in Vegetable World Education Philippines, Inc. PART V: FAMILIES OF VEGETABLE CROPS A. ALLIUM FAMILY The alliums are noxious bulbous perennials with grass-like leaves. Bulbs consist of a short, thick stem axis (basal plate) with a growing point surrounded by fleshy scale leaves. Short, fibrous roots develop from the bottom of the basal plate. Soft and hardcoated bulblets are produced in the axils of the scale leaves. 1. Wild garlic The wild garlic has 2 plant types: those that produce a scape (flowering stem) at the end of the growing season and those that do not. Plants that do not produce a scape are smaller and have fewer, more slender leaves. Plants that produce a scape typically have 2-4 leaves that appear circular and hollow in cross-section, and are much longer than the scape, at 15-60 centimeter long, 0.2-1 centimeter wide. They are easily flattened when young. Their bulbs are usually 1-2 centimeter long. They also have yellowish-brown outer coat with longitudinally parallel fibers, split into strips. Typically there are several hard-coated bulblets on stalks within the main bulb coats. Scapes 30-100 centimeter tall develop a few flowers and/or numerous grain-sized aerial bulbils. Bulbils are smooth, shiny parts, usually 5 mm in diameter. They often produce slender green leaves while still attached to the scape. Flower heads ~ 3 cm diameter. Flowers 3-4 millimeter long, greenish-white, pink, or reddish-purple, on stalks 1-1.5 centimeter long. Single bract short, deciduous, with a beak-like apex. Seeds flattened, semi-circular, ~ 3 millimeter long 2. Panicled onion Plants typically have a mild onion odor however, they lack an odor when crushed. The panicled onion was introduced from Southern Europe probably as an ornamental plant. It has 3-5 leaves, narrowly channeled, less than or equal to the length of the scape, sheathing the lower 1/2 - 1/3 of the scape. panicled onion: Bulbs 1-1.5 cm long. Outer coat dark brown, with an obscure pattern. Inner coats light brown. Bulblets usually 1-3, about equal in size to the main bulb. Cut surface of a bulb quickly turns orange to dark red with exposure to air. Scapes 30-70 cm tall. Flower heads 3-7 cm diameter. Flowers 25-100, bell-shaped, 5-7 mm long, white to purplish-pink, on unequal stalks 1-4.5 cm long. Bracts 2, long-tapered, unequal. Longest bract 5-14 cm long, extends about 4-9 cm beyond the flowers. Seeds ovoid, ~ 4-6 mm long, 3-4 mm wide. B. CRUCIFERAE FAMILY The Cruciferae/Brassicaceae or Mustard Family is a large natural family of major economic importance containing a diverse variety of crop plants grown for salads, vegetables, condiments, and ornamental plants. There are two classifications for vegetable crops belonging to this family; the cole crops where the cabbage, cauliflower, heading broccoli, sprouting broccoli, kale, collard, mustard, Chinese cabbage, kohlrabi, and Brussels sprouts belong, and the root crops where turnip and radish belong. 58
Resource Manual on IPPM in Vegetable World Education Philippines, Inc. This family of plants has a wide variety of economic uses, most importantly as a vegetable crop. Most cultivated edible varieties including Brussels sprouts, cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower were developed by plant breeders from a single species, Brassica oleracea. Many crucifers are used as condiments and garnishes such as mustard and cress. Important crops are propagated from seed. Only minor crops such as watercress, horseradish and sea kale are vegetatively propagated. Although desired by the market in the case of crops such as mustard, radish and horseradish, crucifers may also be responsible for toxic manifestations when used as animal feed or in human nutrition. Recently, some cultivated varieties such as broccoli have been thought to help prevent cancer. Cruciferous oil seeds rank fifth in importance behind soybeans, cottonseeds, groundnut and sunflower seed. Animal feeds are provided by cruciferous crops in the form of silage, seed meal, forage crops (grazed in the field) and root fodder (used for winter feeds). The Brassicaceae or Cruciferae Family contains both annual and perennial herbs but rarely small shrubs. Leaves are usually alternate, exstipulate, with unicellular, simple or branched hairs. The basic floral structure is highly characteristic and constant, containing four sepals, four petals, six stamen (four long and two short, a condition called tetradynamous), and an ovary with two parietal placenta. The form of the cruciferous flower unites the group more perhaps than any other character. This is always regular, perfect, and cruciform, especially for the cole crops such as broccoli. The older family name "Cruciferae" derives from the Maltese cross shape of the four petals. As in most of the crucifers, pollination is accomplished by nectar secretions into the bases of the pouched sepals which attracts insects and promotes cross-pollination; however, selfpollination of the flowers is a frequent occurrence. C. CUCURBITACEAE FAMILY The Cucurbitaceae, commonly known as the gourd or melon family, includes a number of popular and important vegetables. The other crops of Cucurbitaceae are watermelon, summer squash, winter squash, and pumpkin. Among minor crops are citron, gherkin, and chayote. The last crop is propagated by large single-seeded fruits and is of no importance to the seed trade. The family is characterized briefly by the rather vigorous leafy prostrate vine habit, although some, notably the summer squash, have bush-type plants. The inflorescence and flowers, although distinct for each vegetable, are nevertheless similar to each other in color, general form, and arrangement of their parts. The Cucurbitaceae are mostly prostrate or climbing herbaceous annuals comprising about 90 genera and 700 species that are further characterized by commonly having 5-angled stems and coiled tendrils. The leaves are alternate and usually palmately 5- 59
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Compiled and published by: World Ed
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ACKNOWLEDGM ENT World Education (IN
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1. Leaves 48 2. Flower 49 3. Fruit
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Sources 203 Part XII: Farm Record K
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