(IPPM) in Vegetables - Vegetableipmasia.org
(IPPM) in Vegetables - Vegetableipmasia.org
(IPPM) in Vegetables - Vegetableipmasia.org
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Resource Manual on <strong>IPPM</strong> <strong>in</strong> Rice<br />
World Education Philipp<strong>in</strong>es, Inc.<br />
The amount of lime needed to raise soil pH to<br />
a neutral status depends on the type of soil and<br />
on the <strong>in</strong>itial pH. Table 1 presents a rough<br />
guide to rais<strong>in</strong>g soil pH.<br />
I. Role of Soil Organic Matter<br />
1. Soil Organic Matter (SOM)<br />
When the nutrients, enter the liv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>org</strong>anisms, they tend<br />
to circulate, mov<strong>in</strong>g through a food web where they are<br />
eaten by other <strong>org</strong>anisms. For example, nutrients <strong>in</strong>itially<br />
absorbed by plants might be eaten by a herbivore, which<br />
<strong>in</strong> turn might be eaten by a predator, and so on. At each<br />
trophic level or feed<strong>in</strong>g level, energy and nutrients can<br />
be transferred <strong>in</strong> only a few ways: a certa<strong>in</strong> fraction of the<br />
orig<strong>in</strong>al plant or animal is passed on to the next trophic<br />
level, or returned to the soil either directly, or <strong>in</strong> the<br />
form of waste products from digestion. Meanwhile, <strong>in</strong><br />
Table 4. Lime Requirement for Specific pH<br />
L im e<br />
p H<br />
T / h a<br />
4 . 0 1 0 . 2 4<br />
4 . 1 9 . 7 6<br />
4 . 2 9 . 2 8<br />
4 . 3 8 . 8 2<br />
4 . 4 8 . 3 4<br />
4 . 5 7 . 8 7<br />
4 . 6 7 . 3 9<br />
4 . 7 6 . 9 1<br />
4 . 8 6 . 4 5<br />
4 . 9 5 . 9 8<br />
5 . 0 5 . 4 9<br />
5 . 1 5 . 0 2<br />
5 . 2 4 . 5 4<br />
5 . 3 4 . 0 8<br />
5 . 4 3 . 6 0<br />
5 . 5 3 . 1 2<br />
5 . 6 2 . 6 5<br />
5 . 7 2 . 1 7<br />
5 . 8 1 . 6 9<br />
5 . 9 1 . 2 3<br />
6 . 0 0 . 7 5<br />
the case of energy, all <strong>org</strong>anisms respire (breathe) and when this happens, the energy<br />
<strong>in</strong> the form of heat and carbon dioxide (CO2) is lost or goes to the atmosphere.<br />
Eventually, every liv<strong>in</strong>g th<strong>in</strong>g dies and goes back to the soil unless the nutrients are<br />
physically removed from the system just like what happens with products after<br />
harvest. What happens <strong>in</strong> this process is important for farmers because the soil<br />
<strong>org</strong>anic matter (SOM) plays critical role <strong>in</strong> the function<strong>in</strong>g of the ecosystem, and <strong>in</strong><br />
the health of the soil and crops.<br />
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