(IPPM) in Vegetables - Vegetableipmasia.org

Resource Manual on IPPM in Vegetable
World Education Philippines, Inc.
5. Uneven distribution of seed and hence uneven crop growth resulting in excess
competition at certain area and no competition at some areas.
6. Loss of seeds by birds and insects if it is not properly covered with soil.
2. Drilling or Line Sowing
Sowing of seeds in a line on a large scale is generally done with the help of sowing
implement such as seed drill or fermium seed drill called drilling. In drilling seeds
may be sown continuously or in rows at regular interval. These rows may be straight
or parallel. Drilling may be adopted for pure cropping and intercropping. In addition
to this ferti-seed drill are also used, where fertilizer and seeds are sown
simultaneously at desired depth of soil.
Advantages
1. Seed placement is done at proper and uniform depth resulting into uniform
germination.
2. Seed rate requires less as compared to broadcasting method.
3. This method avoids crowding of seedling and maintains uniform spacing
between two rows.
4. Inter culture is carried out easily.
5. Plant population can be adjusted.
6. Sowing depth can be adjusted in order to place the seed at moist zone.
Disadvantages
1. It is not possible to maintain plant to plant distance in ordinary seed drill.
2. Requires seed drill for sowing hence it is costly than broadcasting method.
3. Skilled person is required for carrying out sowing operation, if not the seeds
are not sown properly which may cause uneven germination and ultimately
poor stand of crop.
D. Seedlings
Germination is the resumption of active embryo growth. Prior to any visual signs of
growth the seed must absorb water through the seed coat and micropyle. In addition, the
seed must be in the proper environmental conditions; that is, exposed to oxygen,
favorable temperatures, and for some correct light. The radicle is the first part of the
seedling to emerge from the seed. It will develop into the primary root from which root
hairs and lateral roots will develop. The portion of the seedling between the radicle and
the first leaflike part (plumule), are attached to a structure called the hypocotyl which
becomes the stem. The seed leaves and cotyledons encase the embryo and are usually
different in shape from the leaves that the mature plant will produce. Plants producing
one cotyledon fall into the group of monocotyledons or monocots. Plants producing two
seed leaves are called dicotyledons or dicots.
55