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Resource Manual on IPPM in Vegetable World Education Philippines, Inc. gamopetalous, five numbered (seldom 3-10 sepals and seldom 10 petals). The leaves are placed alternately, solitary and sometimes have deep incisions. In the vicinity of the flower the leaves are more opposite but not completely so. The fruit is a dry capsule or a berry. There is only one style and the stigma is two-lobbed. The plants are herbs or shrubs, small trees or climbers. There are prickles in a lot of the species or at least they are covered with hairs. Source: http://www.gardenmosaic.cornell.edu http://www.vancouver.wsu.edu/fac/robson/cl/natrs301/dicots/mustard.htm 62
Resource Manual on IPPM in Vegetable World Education Philippines, Inc. PART VI: PRODUCTION OF SELECTED VEGETABLE CROPS A. ALLIUM FAMILY 1. ONIONS a. Introduction Onions are group of monocotyledonous plants botanically known as Allium cepa L It is a biennial herb usually grown as an annual from bulbs. The bulb is composed of concentric, fleshy, enlarged leaf bases or scales. The outer leaf bases lose moisture and become scaly and the inner leaves generally thicken as bulbs develop. The green leaves above the bulb are hallow and arise sequentially from the meristem at the innermost point at the base of the bulb. The stem is very small and insignificant during vegetative growth. The fruit is globular capsule with up to 6 seeds. The seed measures 6 mm x 4 mm, black and wrinkled. Two large groups are now considered in onion: Group Common Onion and the Group Aggregatum. The former has large bulbs, normally single, reproduced by seeds or from seed-grown bulbils (sets) while the latter has smaller bulbs forming several aggregated cluster, and they reproduce vegetatively through the lateral bulbs (daughter bulbs). b. Climate and soil requirement Places with distinct wet and dry season are suitable for commercial onion production. Onion grows best in a mild climate with no heat and rainfall. A temperature of 18 to 20 ºC and ample moisture are ideal during early stages of growth. For bulbing, temperature of 21 to 27 ºC is favorable. Dry and warm conditions are necessary for proper maturation of bulbs. Although onion grows in many types of soil, it grows best in well drained sandy loam and silty loam soil which are friable, fertile and can maintain adequate moisture. A soil pH of 5.8 to 7.00 is needed for the plant to exhibit its good growth. Onions are herbs known for their pungency. Because of this, they are one of the most indispensable culinary ingredients in the world. Generally, they are used in salads, pickles, cooking, and frying. Grind onions can be mixed with other ingredients for used as spice for meat and fish. Onion also plays an important role in traditional medicine and in suppressing the blood sugar level and platelet aggregation. 63
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Compiled and published by: World Ed
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ACKNOWLEDGM ENT World Education (IN
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1. Leaves 48 2. Flower 49 3. Fruit
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Sources 203 Part XII: Farm Record K
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