(IPPM) in Vegetables - Vegetableipmasia.org

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Resource Manual on IPPM in Vegetable World Education Philippines, Inc. d. Fertilizer Table 19. Growth Stages of Squash Growth Stage No. of Days Seedling Vegetative Flowering Fruiting Maturity 7-15 Days after Sowing (DAS) 20-35 DAS 40-55 DAS 60-75 DAS 80-95 DAS · A soil test is the most accurate guide to fertilizer requirements. The following recommendations are general guidelines: · The optimum pH range is 5.8-7.0. Apply 2.5 tons/ha of manure in the spring when available. · Nitrogen: 57-80 (N) kg/ha (Sidedress with an additional 30-60 lb N per acre when plants begin to flower). · Phosphate: 130-142 (P205) kg/ha. · Potash: 57-114 kg K20/ha. (broadcast and disked-in prior to seeding). · Sidedress with 28-57 kg N/ha, or where mulching and trickle irrigation are practiced, N can be fed through the trickle irrigation system at 17-28 kg/ha when the vines begin to spread. To prevent clogging or plugging from occurring use soluble forms of nitrogen (urea or ammonium nitrate) and chlorinate the system once a month with a 10-50 ppm chlorine solution. Chlorinate more frequently if the flow rate decreases. e. Irrigation Summer squash roots to a depth of 90-120 cm. Maintain soil moisture above 60% of the soil water holding capacity. It is important to regulate irrigation properly to avoid excessive moisture or water stress. Research has shown that the use of drip irrigation under black plastic mulch is superior to sprinkler irrigation with black plastic mulch. Yields usually increase dramatically. f. Flowering and Pollination Summer squash plants bear separate male and female flowers on the same plant (monoecious). Only the female flowers set fruit. Bees transfer pollen from male flowers to female flowers, making fruit set possible. It is recommended that one honey bee hive should be introduced for every 0.40-0.80 ha during the blooming period since native bee populations may not be adequate, or may not coincide properly with the blooming period. Questions arise in relation to cucumbers, melons, gourds, and summer and winter squash, crossing and affecting the eating quality of one vine crop or another. This is not a problem. Intercrossing is only a problem when seed is saved for replanting, in which case 86
Resource Manual on IPPM in Vegetable World Education Philippines, Inc. squashes of the same species need to be isolated for crop purity. Cucurbits of different species do not intercross sufficiently to create problems for seed producers. 3. BITTER GOURD (Momordia charantia) a. Introduction Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) is a member of cucurbit family and one of the most popular vegetables in Southeast Asia. Native to China or India, the fast growing vine is becoming popular worldwide. Depending on location, bitter gourd is also known as bitter melon, karella, balsam pear or ampalaya. It is usually grown anytime of the year for its edible young shoots and fruits which promise a good supply of nutrients such as vitamins and minerals. The young fruits and tender vine tips are used in a variety of culinary preparations. The medicinal value of the gourd in the treatment of infectious diseases and diabetes is attracting the attention of scientists worldwide. b. Climate and Soil Requirement Bitter gourd thrives in the tropics from lowland areas to altitudes of up to 1,000 m. It requires a minimum temperature of 18 0 C during early growth, but optimal temperatures range from 24-27 0 C. It thrives more in lower temperatures compared to other gourds, but cool temperatures will retard growth and frost will kill the plant. The plant is adapted to a wide variety of rainfall condition, but regular irrigation is needed to ensure high yield. Bitter gourd tolerates a wide range of soils but prefers a well-drained sandy loam soil that is rich in organic matter. The optimum soil pH for bitter gourd is 6.0 6.7, but plants tolerate alkaline soils up to pH 8.0. Table 20. Varieties of Ampalaya Variety Maturity (DAS) Galaxy F1 48 52 Jade star L F1 48 52 Jade star XL F1 53 57 Sta Rita 55 60 Sta Isabelle 55 60 Native 55 - 60 87
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ACKNOWLEDGM ENT World Education (IN
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1. Leaves 48 2. Flower 49 3. Fruit
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Sources 203 Part XII: Farm Record K
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