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Future Climate: Projected Average 125viviiCyclones are the rapid circulation of winds around a low pressure center, traveling counterclockwisein the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. Anticyclonesspiral out from a high pressure area and travel clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwisein the Southern Hemisphere.CNRM-C3 is the third version of a global ocean-atmosphere model originally developed at theCentre National de Recherches Meteorologiques, France.
Chapter 7Future Climate: Projected ExtremesCoordinating Lead AuthorAlexander Gershunov (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California,San Diego)Lead AuthorsBalaji Rajagopalan (University of Colorado), Jonathan Overpeck (University ofArizona), Kristen Guirguis (Scripps Institution of Oceanography), Dan Cayan(Scripps Institution of Oceanography), Mimi Hughes (National Oceanographic andAtmospheric Administration [NOAA]), Michael Dettinger (U.S. Geological Survey),Chris Castro (University of Arizona), Rachel E. Schwartz (Scripps Institution ofOceanography), Michael Anderson (California State Climate Office), Andrea J. Ray(NOAA), Joe Barsugli (University of Colorado/Cooperative Institute for Research inEnvironmental Sciences), Tereza Cavazos (Centro de Investigación Científica y deEducación Superior de Ensenada), and Michael Alexander (NOAA)Review EditorFrancina Dominguez (University of Arizona)Executive SummaryThis chapter summarizes the current understanding about how and why specific weatherand climate extremes are expected to change in the Southwest with climate warmingover the course of the current century.Summertime heat waves and wintertime cold snaps are among the extremes mostdirectly affected by climate change as well as the ones with the greatest impacts.126Chapter citation: Gershunov, A., B. Rajagopalan, J. Overpeck, K. Guirguis, D. Cayan, M. Hughes,M. Dettinger, C. Castro, R. E. Schwartz, M. Anderson, A. J. Ray, J. Barsugli, T. Cavazos, and M.Alexander. 2013. “Future Climate: Projected Extremes.” In Assessment of Climate Change in the SouthwestUnited States: A Report Prepared for the National Climate Assessment, edited by G. Garfin, A. Jardine,R. Merideth, M. Black, and S. LeRoy, 126–147. A report by the Southwest Climate Alliance.Washington, DC: Island Press.
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National Climate Assessment Regiona
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Assessment of Climate Changein the
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Abbreviations and AcronymsxiiiNIDIS
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WEATHER AND CLIMATE OF THE SOUTHWES
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Airport infrastructure 182Vehicular
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Wildfires 317Permissive ecology 317
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20.2 Developing Research Strategies
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2 assessment of climate change in t
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10 assessment of climate change in
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Chapter 4Present Weather and Climat
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Chapter 11Agriculture and RanchingC
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Agriculture and Ranching 221water (
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Agriculture and Ranching 223additio
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Agriculture and Ranching 225Irrigat
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Agriculture and Ranching 227may exa
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Agriculture and Ranching 229Dry war
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Agriculture and Ranching 231River w
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Agriculture and Ranching 233decline
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Agriculture and Ranching 235Another
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Agriculture and Ranching 237Howitt,
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Agriculture and Ranching 239Torell,
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Energy: Supply, Demand, and Impacts
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Chapter 13Urban AreasCoordinating L
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Urban Areas 269• Monitoring for c
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Urban Areas 271Figure 13.3 FEMA 100
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Urban Areas 273Urban processes that
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Urban Areas 275Figure 13.7 Embodied
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Urban Areas 277Atmospheric CO 2conc
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Urban Areas 279infrastructure to ha
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Urban Areas 281Figure 13.10 Per cap
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Urban Areas 283in high-fire-zone ar
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Urban Areas 285California, such inv
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Urban Areas 287Figure 13.14 Number
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Figure 13.16 Average annual rainfal
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Urban Areas 291that may then become
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Urban Areas 293Eidlin, E. 2010. Wha
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Urban Areas 295Quevauviller, P. 201
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Chapter 14TransportationCoordinatin
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Transportation 299This chapter begi
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Transportation 301Transportation se
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Transportation 303Other needed chan
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Transportation 305Table 14.2 Potent
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Transportation 307Disruptions to th
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Transportation 309ReferencesAlpert,
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Transportation 311Seager, R., M. Ti
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Human Health 313establish policy gu
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Human Health 315Figure 15.1 Hazy vi
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Human Health 317Heat waves (periods
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Human Health 319expected to be more
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Human Health 321Figure 15.52010 Wil
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Human Health 323by climate in multi
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Human Health 325Figure 15.6 Duststo
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Human Health 327throughout the year
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Human Health 329Box 15.2Linking Dat
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Human Health 331Co-benefitsThough t
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Human Health 333Davis, D. H. S. 195
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Human Health 335Jack, D. W., and P.
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Human Health 337Parmenter, R. R., E
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Human Health 339Vedal, S., and S. J
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Climate Change and U.S.-Mexico Bord
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Chapter 17Unique Challenges FacingS
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Unique Challenges Facing Southweste
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Chapter 18Climate Choices for a Sus
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Climate Choices for a Sustainable S
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Moving Forward with Imperfect Infor
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Research Strategies for Addressing
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GlossaryA2 - a greenhouse gas emiss
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Glossary 485or drift) from an exter
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Glossary 487crassulacean acid metab
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Glossary 489evapotranspiration - th
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Glossary 491heating degree days - a
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Glossary 493misery days - days wher
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Glossary 495peer-review - the revie
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Glossary 497sediment load - the amo
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Glossary 499knowledge. Two primary
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Authors and Review EditorsChapter 1
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Authors and Review Editors 503Cruz)
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Authors and Review Editors 505Chapt
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Assessment of Climate Change in the
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