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Water: Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation 217viviiviiiixxReal options is a type of financial based planning method for uncertainty. WUCA describes it as atype of cash flow analysis that includes flexible implementation. It uses classical decision analysiswith hedging concepts from financial planning.Portfolio planning is a financial tool where a portfolio is selected to minimize risk and to hedgeagainst future uncertainty.See http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/ccawwg/.See http://www.energy.ca.gov/.See http://www.wucaonline.org/html/actions_puma.html.
Chapter 11Agriculture and RanchingCoordinating Lead AuthorGeorge B. Frisvold (University of Arizona)lead authorsLouise E. Jackson (University of California, Davis), James G. Pritchett (ColoradoState University), John P. Ritten (University of Wyoming)review editorMark Svoboda (University of Nebraska, Lincoln)Executive SummaryThis chapter reviews the climate factors that influence crop production and agriculturalwater use. It discusses (a) modeling studies that use climate-change model projectionsto examine effects on agricultural water allocation and (b) scenario studies that investigateeconomic impacts and the potential for using adaptation strategies to accommodatechanging water supplies, crop yields, and pricing. The chapter concludes with sectionson ranching and drought and on disaster-relief programs.• Under warmer winter temperatures, some existing agricultural pests can persistyear-round, while new pests and diseases may become established. While cropsgrown in some areas might not be viable economically under future climate conditions,other crops could replace them. (high confidence).• Many important costs of climate change to agriculture will be adjustment costs.The suitability of production in an area depends not only on climate, but alsoon the presence of complementary infrastructure such as irrigation conveyancesystems and specialized agricultural processing and handling facilities, as well218Chapter citation: Frisvold, G. B., L. E. Jackson, J. G. Pritchett, and J. P. Ritten. 2013. “Agriculture andRanching.” In Assessment of Climate Change in the Southwest United States: A Report Prepared for theNational Climate Assessment, edited by G. Garfin, A. Jardine, R. Merideth, M. Black, and S. LeRoy,218–239. A report by the Southwest Climate Alliance. Washington, DC: Island Press.
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National Climate Assessment Regiona
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Assessment of Climate Changein the
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Abbreviations and AcronymsxiiiNIDIS
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WEATHER AND CLIMATE OF THE SOUTHWES
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Airport infrastructure 182Vehicular
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Wildfires 317Permissive ecology 317
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20.2 Developing Research Strategies
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Chapter 4Present Weather and Climat
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Chapter 5Present Weather and Climat
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Chapter 7Future Climate: Projected
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136 Coastal Impacts, Adaptation, an
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Chapter 8Natural EcosystemsCoordina
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Page 260 and 261: Agriculture and Ranching 237Howitt,
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Page 264 and 265: Energy: Supply, Demand, and Impacts
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Chapter 13Urban AreasCoordinating L
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Urban Areas 269• Monitoring for c
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Urban Areas 271Figure 13.3 FEMA 100
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Urban Areas 273Urban processes that
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Urban Areas 275Figure 13.7 Embodied
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Urban Areas 277Atmospheric CO 2conc
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Urban Areas 279infrastructure to ha
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Urban Areas 281Figure 13.10 Per cap
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Urban Areas 283in high-fire-zone ar
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Urban Areas 285California, such inv
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Urban Areas 287Figure 13.14 Number
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Figure 13.16 Average annual rainfal
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Urban Areas 291that may then become
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Urban Areas 293Eidlin, E. 2010. Wha
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Urban Areas 295Quevauviller, P. 201
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Chapter 14TransportationCoordinatin
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Transportation 299This chapter begi
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Transportation 301Transportation se
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Transportation 303Other needed chan
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Transportation 305Table 14.2 Potent
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Transportation 307Disruptions to th
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Transportation 309ReferencesAlpert,
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Transportation 311Seager, R., M. Ti
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Human Health 313establish policy gu
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Human Health 315Figure 15.1 Hazy vi
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Human Health 317Heat waves (periods
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Human Health 319expected to be more
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Human Health 321Figure 15.52010 Wil
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Human Health 323by climate in multi
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Human Health 325Figure 15.6 Duststo
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Human Health 327throughout the year
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Human Health 329Box 15.2Linking Dat
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Human Health 331Co-benefitsThough t
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Human Health 333Davis, D. H. S. 195
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Human Health 335Jack, D. W., and P.
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Human Health 337Parmenter, R. R., E
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Human Health 339Vedal, S., and S. J
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Climate Change and U.S.-Mexico Bord
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Chapter 17Unique Challenges FacingS
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Unique Challenges Facing Southweste
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Chapter 18Climate Choices for a Sus
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Climate Choices for a Sustainable S
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Moving Forward with Imperfect Infor
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Research Strategies for Addressing
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GlossaryA2 - a greenhouse gas emiss
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Glossary 485or drift) from an exter
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Glossary 487crassulacean acid metab
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Glossary 489evapotranspiration - th
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Glossary 491heating degree days - a
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Glossary 493misery days - days wher
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Glossary 495peer-review - the revie
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Glossary 497sediment load - the amo
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Glossary 499knowledge. Two primary
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Authors and Review EditorsChapter 1
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Authors and Review Editors 503Cruz)
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Authors and Review Editors 505Chapt
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Assessment of Climate Change in the
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