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Airport infrastructure 182Vehicular transportation infrastructure 182Economy, culture, and identity 1839.5 Managing Coastal Climate Risks 183Overview 183Adaptation options 185Level of preparedness and engagement in adaptation planning 186Barriers to adaptation 188References 189Appendix 194Chapter 10: Water: Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation 19710.1 Introduction 19810.2 Physical Changes to the Water Cycle 19910.3 Human and Natural Systems Impacts, Risks and Vulnerabilities 20010.4 Water Sector Adaptation Activities 20510.5 Planning Techniques and Stationarity 20610.6 Potential Supply and Demand Strategies and Solutions 20610.7 Barriers to Climate Change Adaptation 20710.8 Federal Adaptation Initiatives 20710.9 SECURE Water Act Overview 20810.10 Western States Federal Agency Support Team (WestFAST) 21010.11 Climate Change and Water Working Group (CCAWWG) 21010.12 State Adaptation Efforts 21010.13 Regional and Municipal Adaptation Efforts 211References 212Chapter 11: Agriculture and Ranching 21811.1 Distinctive Features of Southwestern Agriculture 22011.2 Implications for Specialty Crops 22211.3 On-farm Water Management 22311.4 System-wide Water Management: Lessons from Programming Modelsof Water Allocation 227Sustained drought in California 227Water availability and crop yields in California 227Effects of adaptation measures in California 228Economic and land-use projections in California 228Agriculture in Nevada’s Great Basin 229Water transfers in Rio Grande Basin 229Severe drought in Rio Grande Basin 230Drought and Arizona’s agriculture 230Reduced water supplies across the Southwest 230Lessons from simulation studies 23111.5 Ranching Adaptations to Multi-year Drought 23111.6 Disaster Relief Programs and Climate Adaptation 233References 235