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Climate Choices for a Sustainable Southwest 417to build the capacity to address climate change impacts in the future, includingimproving understanding of the problem, educating and building awarenessamong citizens, establishing collaborative ties with others, improving datasharing and communication, setting up stakeholder engagement processes, anddeveloping funding mechanisms.Case Studies of Climate Choices for a Sustainable SouthwestPrivate Sector Responses in the Southwest: Levi StraussBox 18.2Levi Strauss & Co. (LS&CO) is a retail companybased in California that has started to take stepsto mitigate its contribution to climate change. Itgroups its climate-related goals under three categories:(1) reducing climate-change impacts resultingfrom production (supply chain focus); (2)reducing impacts from its facilities; and (3) promotingenvironmentally friendly use and disposalof its products. Since 2007, LS&CO has reducedcarbon emissions by 5.84%; this reduction camedespite a 6% increase in its real-estate portfolio.The company launched a “Levi’s ® Water
418 assessment of climate change in the southwest united statesa common approach for individual adaptation efforts. Local water providers in Phoenixand Denver have been downscaling climate model data to estimate potential impactson streamflow, and thus on their long-term water supplies. They are now beginning toexplore flexible and incremental actions to respond to such changes if they occur (Quay2010).Table 18.2 Adaptation options relevant for the SouthwestSectorAgricultureCoastsConservationEnergyFire managementForestryHealth andemergenciesTransportUrbanWater managementExample Adaptation StrategiesImproved seeds and stock for new and varying climates (and pests, diseases), increasewater use efficiency, no-till agriculture for carbon and water conservation, flood management,improved pest and weed management, create cooler livestock environments, adjuststocking densities, insurance, diversify or change production.Plan for sea level rise—infrastructure, planned retreat, natural buffers, land use control.Build resilience to coastal storms—building standards, evacuation plans. Conserve andmanage for alterations in coastal ecosystems and fisheries.Information and research to identify risks and vulnerabilities, secure water rights, protectmigration corridors and buffer zones, facilitate natural adaptations, manage relocation ofspecies, reduce other stresses (e.g., invasives)Increase energy supplies (especially for cooling) through new supplies and efficiency. Usesustainable urban design, including buildings for warmer and variable climate. Reducewater use. Climate-proof or relocate infrastructure.Use improved climate information in planning. Manage urban-wild land interface.Plan for shifts in varieties, altered fire regimes, protection of watersheds and species.Include climate in monitoring and warning systems for air pollution, allergies, heat waves,disease vectors, fires. Improve disaster management. Cooling, insulation for humancomfort. Manage landscape to reduce disease vectors (e.g., mosquitos). Public healtheducation and training of professionals.Adjust or relocate infrastructure (coastal and flood protection, urban runoff), plan forhigher temperatures and extremes.Urban redesign and retrofit for shade, energy, and water savings. Adjust infrastructure forextreme events, sea-level rise.Enhance supplies through storage, transfers, watershed protection, efficiencies and reuse,incentives or regulation to reduce demand and protect quality, reform or trade waterallocations, drought plans, floodplain management. Use climate information and maintainmonitoring networks, desalinate. Manage flexibly for new climates not stationarity.Source: Smith, Horrocks et al. (2011); Smith, Vogel et al. (2011).
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National Climate Assessment Regiona
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Assessment of Climate Changein the
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Abbreviations and AcronymsxiiiNIDIS
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WEATHER AND CLIMATE OF THE SOUTHWES
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Airport infrastructure 182Vehicular
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Wildfires 317Permissive ecology 317
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20.2 Developing Research Strategies
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2 assessment of climate change in t
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10 assessment of climate change in
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Chapter 4Present Weather and Climat
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Chapter 5Present Weather and Climat
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Chapter 7Future Climate: Projected
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136 Coastal Impacts, Adaptation, an
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Chapter 8Natural EcosystemsCoordina
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Chapter 9Coastal IssuesCoordinating
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Chapter 11Agriculture and RanchingC
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Agriculture and Ranching 221water (
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Agriculture and Ranching 223additio
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Agriculture and Ranching 225Irrigat
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Agriculture and Ranching 227may exa
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Agriculture and Ranching 229Dry war
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Agriculture and Ranching 231River w
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Agriculture and Ranching 233decline
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Agriculture and Ranching 235Another
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Agriculture and Ranching 237Howitt,
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Agriculture and Ranching 239Torell,
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Energy: Supply, Demand, and Impacts
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Chapter 13Urban AreasCoordinating L
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Urban Areas 269• Monitoring for c
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Urban Areas 271Figure 13.3 FEMA 100
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Urban Areas 273Urban processes that
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Urban Areas 275Figure 13.7 Embodied
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Urban Areas 277Atmospheric CO 2conc
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Urban Areas 279infrastructure to ha
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Urban Areas 281Figure 13.10 Per cap
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Urban Areas 283in high-fire-zone ar
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Urban Areas 285California, such inv
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Urban Areas 287Figure 13.14 Number
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Figure 13.16 Average annual rainfal
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Urban Areas 291that may then become
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Urban Areas 293Eidlin, E. 2010. Wha
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Urban Areas 295Quevauviller, P. 201
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Chapter 14TransportationCoordinatin
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Transportation 299This chapter begi
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Transportation 301Transportation se
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Transportation 303Other needed chan
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Transportation 305Table 14.2 Potent
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Transportation 307Disruptions to th
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Transportation 309ReferencesAlpert,
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Transportation 311Seager, R., M. Ti
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Human Health 313establish policy gu
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Human Health 315Figure 15.1 Hazy vi
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Human Health 317Heat waves (periods
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Human Health 319expected to be more
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Human Health 321Figure 15.52010 Wil
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Human Health 323by climate in multi
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Human Health 325Figure 15.6 Duststo
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Human Health 327throughout the year
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Human Health 329Box 15.2Linking Dat
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Human Health 331Co-benefitsThough t
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Human Health 333Davis, D. H. S. 195
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Human Health 335Jack, D. W., and P.
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Human Health 337Parmenter, R. R., E
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Human Health 339Vedal, S., and S. J
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Climate Change and U.S.-Mexico Bord
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Page 390 and 391: Climate Change and U.S.-Mexico Bord
Page 408 and 409: Chapter 17Unique Challenges FacingS
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Page 460 and 461: Moving Forward with Imperfect Infor
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Research Strategies for Addressing
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GlossaryA2 - a greenhouse gas emiss
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Glossary 485or drift) from an exter
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Glossary 487crassulacean acid metab
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Glossary 489evapotranspiration - th
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Glossary 491heating degree days - a
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Glossary 493misery days - days wher
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Glossary 495peer-review - the revie
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Glossary 497sediment load - the amo
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Glossary 499knowledge. Two primary
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Authors and Review EditorsChapter 1
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Authors and Review Editors 503Cruz)
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Authors and Review Editors 505Chapt
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Assessment of Climate Change in the
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