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Unique Challenges Facing Southwestern Tribes 387Figure 17.1 Map ofsouthwestern UnitedStates showing triballands and the location oftribes discussed in text.The federal government’s duty to protect Indian nations, as articulated by Chief JusticeJohn Marshall, is now understood as the federal trust responsibility. The Bureau ofIndian Affairs is the agency that directly administers the trust responsibility. However,other agencies that control federal land and other natural resources must protect any applicabletribal rights, including rights to water, fish and wildlife, and cultural resources,such as traditional cultural properties. (Pevar 2012).
388 assessment of climate change in the southwest united statesTable 17.1 Tribal lands and populations in the Southwestern United StatesStateNo. ofTribesTotal StatePopulationTribalPopulation% TribalPopulationTotal State(acres)Approx.Tribal land(acres)% TribalLandAZ 21 6,392,017 294,033 4.6 % 72,982,074 26,273,547 36 %NM 23 2,059,179 193,562 9.4 % 77,841,869 4,467,287 5.7 %UT 8 2,763,885 33,166 1.2 % 54,352,753 5,150,817 9.5 %CO 2 5,029,196 55,321 1.1 % 66,641,485 921,214 1.4 %NV 19 2,700,551 12,600 1.2 % 70,782,330 1,253,812 1.8 %CA 109 37,253,956 372,529 1.0 % 104,798,976 407,932 0.4 %Total 182 56,198,784 961,211 1.7 % 447,399,488 48,474,609 10.8 %Source: Federal Register (2010), U.S. Census (2010).The federal government’s “plenary power” over Indian affairs has resulted in a complexweb of statutes that promote a policy of self-determination for tribal governments.Tribes have legal authority to make and enforce their own laws, and to regulate theirlands, resources, and members. As U.S. senior district Judge Bruce S. Jenkins has noted(after Duthu 2008, p 4):Modern tribal governments routinely exercise civil governmental authority over arange of day to day activities, much like comparable state and local government entities.…[T]ribal departments and agencies administer and deliver an expanding arrayof community services—from police, fire, and other emergency services, to education,health, housing, justice, employment assistance, environmental protection, culturalpreservation, land use planning, natural resource conservation and management, roadmaintenance, water and public utilities. Indian tribes fit squarely within the ranks ofAmerican civic bodies, sharing the common duty and responsibility to provide essentialservices to the people of the communities they serve.As separate sovereign governments, tribes have the authority to address climatechange as an important issue that affects their lands, resources, and traditional practices.Because climate change operates across jurisdictional boundaries, an awareness oftribal rights to water and cultural resources, located both on and off the reservation, areimportant to understand and evaluate when examining how climate change will affecttribes. This is particularly true for California, where tribes have smaller land holdingsand must rely heavily on public lands for resources used in their cultural and religiouspractices (Anderson 2005).
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National Climate Assessment Regiona
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Assessment of Climate Changein the
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Abbreviations and AcronymsxiiiNIDIS
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WEATHER AND CLIMATE OF THE SOUTHWES
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Airport infrastructure 182Vehicular
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Wildfires 317Permissive ecology 317
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20.2 Developing Research Strategies
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2 assessment of climate change in t
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10 assessment of climate change in
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Chapter 4Present Weather and Climat
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Chapter 5Present Weather and Climat
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Chapter 7Future Climate: Projected
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136 Coastal Impacts, Adaptation, an
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Chapter 8Natural EcosystemsCoordina
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Chapter 9Coastal IssuesCoordinating
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Chapter 11Agriculture and RanchingC
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Agriculture and Ranching 221water (
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Agriculture and Ranching 223additio
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Agriculture and Ranching 225Irrigat
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Agriculture and Ranching 227may exa
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Agriculture and Ranching 229Dry war
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Agriculture and Ranching 231River w
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Agriculture and Ranching 233decline
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Agriculture and Ranching 235Another
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Agriculture and Ranching 237Howitt,
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Agriculture and Ranching 239Torell,
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Energy: Supply, Demand, and Impacts
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Chapter 13Urban AreasCoordinating L
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Urban Areas 269• Monitoring for c
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Urban Areas 271Figure 13.3 FEMA 100
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Urban Areas 273Urban processes that
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Urban Areas 275Figure 13.7 Embodied
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Urban Areas 277Atmospheric CO 2conc
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Urban Areas 279infrastructure to ha
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Urban Areas 281Figure 13.10 Per cap
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Urban Areas 283in high-fire-zone ar
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Urban Areas 285California, such inv
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Urban Areas 287Figure 13.14 Number
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Figure 13.16 Average annual rainfal
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Urban Areas 291that may then become
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Urban Areas 293Eidlin, E. 2010. Wha
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Urban Areas 295Quevauviller, P. 201
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Chapter 14TransportationCoordinatin
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Transportation 299This chapter begi
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Transportation 301Transportation se
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Transportation 303Other needed chan
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Transportation 305Table 14.2 Potent
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Transportation 307Disruptions to th
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Transportation 309ReferencesAlpert,
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Transportation 311Seager, R., M. Ti
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Human Health 313establish policy gu
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Human Health 315Figure 15.1 Hazy vi
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Human Health 317Heat waves (periods
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Human Health 319expected to be more
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Human Health 321Figure 15.52010 Wil
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Human Health 323by climate in multi
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Human Health 325Figure 15.6 Duststo
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Human Health 327throughout the year
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Human Health 329Box 15.2Linking Dat
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Human Health 331Co-benefitsThough t
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Human Health 333Davis, D. H. S. 195
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Human Health 335Jack, D. W., and P.
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Moving Forward with Imperfect Infor
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Research Strategies for Addressing
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GlossaryA2 - a greenhouse gas emiss
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Glossary 485or drift) from an exter
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Glossary 487crassulacean acid metab
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Glossary 489evapotranspiration - th
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Glossary 491heating degree days - a
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Glossary 493misery days - days wher
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Glossary 495peer-review - the revie
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Glossary 497sediment load - the amo
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Glossary 499knowledge. Two primary
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Authors and Review EditorsChapter 1
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Authors and Review Editors 503Cruz)
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Authors and Review Editors 505Chapt
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Assessment of Climate Change in the
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