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Climate Choices for a Sustainable Southwest 421be times when true sustainability and successful adaptation require hard choices, includingconvincing stakeholders that what they perceive as harmful to them could bebeneficial to them and the larger community and environment in the long term.Case Studies of Climate Choices for a Sustainable SouthwestColorado’s Green EconomyBox 18.5Colorado has a strong focus on the fast-growingclean-energy economy. Between 1998 and 2007,jobs in the U.S. clean-energy sector grew by 9.1%,while those in Colorado’s clean-energy sectorgrew by 18.8% (Pew Charitable Trusts 2009). Coloradohas one of the most aggressive RenewablePortfolio Standards (RPS)—a requirement to producea certain amount of energy from renewablesources—with 30% of energy to be sourced fromrenewable energy by 2020, according to HeadwatersEconomics (2010). This RPS was doubledfrom its previous target when lawmakers observedthe ease with which it was being met,together with an influx of jobs in rural areas. Coloradohas provided a variety of incentives to promoteits clean-energy growth, including directfunding for renewable energy development targetedat residential and commercial buildings. In2009 Colorado implemented an Energy EfficiencyResource Standard with the goal of achieving11.5% energy savings by 2020 for investor-ownedutilities. Colorado was ranked fifth nationally interms of total venture capital investment in cleanenergy between 2006 and 2008, with almost $800million invested in clean technologies.18.7 Barriers to Planning for and Implementing ClimateSolutionsAs adaptation has become a focus of public policy, many states, local governments,tribes, for-profit and non-profit organizations, and individuals have encountered impedimentsto the development and implementation of mitigation and adaptation efforts.At the same time, researchers have made progress in documenting and examiningthese impediments, including in the Southwest.The National Research Council distinguished four basic groups of barriers to climateaction: (a) inadequate information and experience, (b) inadequate institutional support,(c) lack of resources and technology, and (d) behavioral impediments (NRC 2010a).These barriers were also found for mitigation (NRC 2010d) and are echoed in otherstudies (e.g., Post and Altman 1994; Verbruggen et al. 2009; Gifford, Kormos, and Mc-Intyre 2011). More recent studies provide much more detailed insights into the range ofimpediments that decision makers encounter (e.g., Amundsen, Berglund, and Westskog2010; Burch 2010; Storbjörk 2010; Ekstrom, Moser, and Torn 2011; Measham et al. 2011;McNeeley 2012; Moser and Ekstrom 2012).