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Wildfires 317Permissive ecology 31715.3 Climate Change and Potential Health Implications 317Emissions and air pollution 318Increases in extreme events 318Long-term warming trend 32215.4 Observed and Predicted Effects on Health from Climate Change 323Air quality 324Heat-related mortality and morbidity 324Vector-borne disease 32515.5 Uncertainties 328Availability of high-quality health data 328Climate data 328Disease complexity 328New disease introduction 32915.6 Public Health Planning for Climate Change 329Adaptation 330Co-benefits 331References 331Chapter 16: Climate Change and U.S.-Mexico BorderCommunities 34016.1 Introduction 34116.2 Definition of the Border Region 34216.3 Border Region Climate Variability, Climate Change, and Impacts 344Temperature 345Precipitation 347Drought 34816.4 Understanding Vulnerability, Risk, and Adaptive Capacity in theBorder Region 348Definitions and concepts 348Key drivers of border vulnerability 351Socioeconomic drivers 355Urbanization, infrastructure, and economy 356Institutional and governance drivers 358Drivers of biophysical changes and their impacts 36116.5 Sectoral Analysis of Border Vulnerability 363Water supply and sectoral vulnerability 363Agriculture and ranching 369Wildfire 371References 372Chapter 17: Unique Challenges FacingSouthwestern Tribes 38517.1 Introduction 386