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360 assessment of climate change in the southwest united statesWater Conservation Investment Fund established at the North American DevelopmentBank (NADB) in 2003 and the 2010 establishment of the binational Consultative Councilfor the Colorado River to consider shortage challenges of an international nature(Mumme et al. 2009). These arrangements comprise adaptive strategies that help theborder region address known shortcomings in current water governance and add toregional resilience (Wilder et al. 2010).Vulnerability may be reduced and regional resilience increased through flexible anddynamic governance institutions and increased trans-border collaboration at the federal,state, and local scales to share information and data, respond to changing needsand conditions, and resolve transboundary water and other environmental issues viaconsultative or collaborative processes (see Box 16.3). In addition, a better integration ofscientific and technological progress (such as climate variability/climate change monitoringand forecasts or irrigation and water distribution techniques) into planning andoperations would help agencies and other governance actors be more responsive to climatechange.Box 16.3Case Study 3: Reducing Cross-Border Emissions: California-Baja CaliforniaCooperation on Greenhouse Gas EmissionAs a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol, Mexico initiatedgreenhouse gas (GHG) inventories, began ronmental Roundtable of the Border GovernorsCooperation Commission, along with the Envi-a voluntary reduction program, and developed Conference. At a local level, the San Diego Associationof Governments (SANDAG) has facilitat-GHG management plans as part of a broad nationalapproach characterized by public-private ed transborder information exchange on climatepartnerships. xxxvii Baja California was one of the change issues and data with counterparts infirst Mexican states to develop a GHG inventory,in March 2010, through cooperation with binational information meetings, including “Bi-Baja California. This was accomplished throughthe Center for Climate Strategies, U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA), and the Border for Crossborder Climate Change Collaboration”national Seminar: Challenges and OpportunitiesEnvironment Cooperation Commission (Chacon (2009) and “Binational Event: Crossborder ClimateChange Strategies” (2010). xxxviii The SAN-Anaya et al. 2010). In the absence of national programs,California took the initiative with AB 32, DAG efforts have successfully placed GHG andthe Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, which climate change as topics on the planning agendacalled for reducing by 2020 California’s GHG for local and state authorities in the Californiaemissionsto levels of 1990.Baja California border region. The Border 2020As the two states have moved forward with binational environmental program will reinforceGHG inventories and the planning process for these regional transboundary efforts by focusingclimate plans, California and Baja California officialshave exchanged information and meth-communities become more resilient to the effectson reducing GHG and on actions to help borderodologies. This was facilitated by the active of climate change. xxxixinvolvement of EPA and the Border Environment