SW-NCA-color-FINALweb

Moving Forward with Imperfect Information 457Table 19.2 Knowledge gaps and key challenges to improving understanding, reducinguncertainty, identifying and addressing vulnerabilities to climate changesin the Southwest (Continued)Model UncertaintyScenarioUncertaintyKnowledge Gaps Contributing to KeyChallengesObservational DataUnderstanding Physical Climate DynamicsClimate Models & DownscalingPhysical Climate Impacts to Biological &Human SystemsSocial & Behavioral FactorsEconomic FactorsPolicy & Regulatory FactorsCommunication & EducationChapter(s)Extent of upper-level and/or grass rootsleadership to effect changeX X Urban Areas (13)Socio-economic and political conditions X XCity-scale decisions about adaptationand regulatory frameworksEnvironmental and economic impacts ofextensive water transfers and effect onagricultureUnique Challenges FacingSouthwestern Tribes (17)X X Urban Areas (13)X X Agriculture and Ranching (11)Agricultural and environmental policies X Agriculture and Ranching (11)Effect of water availability (physical andlegal) on agriculture outputNational policies related to air qualitystandardsUnderstanding of how adaptation toclimate change develops and functions islimited, as is the role played by institutionsin promoting effective adaptationX X Agriculture and Ranching (11)X Human Health (15)XXClimate Change and U.S.-Mexico Border Communities(16)KEY CHALLENGE: Climate change is a multi-stressor problem, and many factors are at play. In the Southwest,population growth is particularly important.Future demand for energy; includingtemporal and spatial shiftsX X XEnergy: Supply, Demand,and Impacts (12)Age distribution in the population X Transportation (14)