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WEST AFRICAN POWER POOL (WAPP) PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Mount Coffee HPP ESIA and RAP 2012-09-18 ESIA Report Page 220 river kilometres between the dam and the confluence with Via River, since there the amount of water flowing will be reduced very considerably, and on a permanent basis, potentially to zero. The effects on Mt. Coffee HPP, and their consequences, are described below. Change from river to lake conditions: the extent of this change is in direct relation to the size and volume of the reservoir. While the MC reservoir, given its small size and the amount of water flowing through, will be more like a large, slow-flowing river, Via reservoir will be a large lake, with the other reservoirs being between these two, nevertheless, with more lake-like conditions than the MC reservoir. While this can be negative for fish and other organisms depending on flowing water, it can be positive for others, which prefer stagnant water. Likewise, reservoirs can be good fishing grounds, and/or can be used for aquaculture. The two topmost reservoirs in the cascade, V-1 and SP-4, in addition to their size, will have a considerable drawdown (16.5 m in the case of V-1). This means that during the dry season an increasingly large area will be left dry all around the receding water body. This is a condition which is usually not very favourable for the development of fish stock. Destruction of terrestrial habitats: this impact is related, on the one hand, to the size of the reservoir, and on the other hand to the types of land use, vegetation and habitats present before impoundment. At the moment of impoundment, all terrestrial habitats in the reservoir area are submerged and permanently destroyed (unlike in the case of an exceptional flood, which might cause extensive damage, but where the habitats will recover again afterwards). MC has, as shown in the previous Chapters of this report, very little negative effect here, since the reservoir is small and all the area to be submerged was a reservoir before, meaning that there can be no long-term valuable habitats (like mainly natural primary forest). The SP-2 and SP1B reservoirs are considerably larger, and their effect will therefore be more marked, although probably not very important from a biodiversity point of view, given the important human interference in this area. Via and SP-4 reservoirs, however, are located in a forested area, and at least partly in a forest reserve. Therefore, their impact could be quite severe. Access to the area provided by new access roads: new access roads will be required for V-1 and SP-4, and these potentially make accessible a protected area which was not easily accessible before. This can have considerable negative impacts on natural habitats, like e. g. (illegal) logging activities or poaching. In the case of the lower dams in the cascade, access roads exist. Here, the positive effects of having an improved access will probably outweigh the negative impacts. Social impacts: here, we address mainly the potential negative effects of the reservoirs on the socio-economic situation, and first of all resettlement. The effect of MC, in the sense of physical relocation; is rather small, and compensation for fields that were established in the reservoir area after the breaching of the dam will be required. Via reservoir on the other hand, despite its remote location, will cause a considerable amount of resettlement. The 1982 report mentions a number of 1200 people living in the reservoir area; obviously, this number might have changed considerably in the meantime. No information in this respect is available for SP-2 and SP-1B reservoirs, but given their size and the fact that they are located in an agriculturally used, and therefore presumably rather densely populated area, it is likely that in these cases also a considerable resettlement issue will arise.
WEST AFRICAN POWER POOL (WAPP) PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Mount Coffee HPP ESIA and RAP 2012-09-18 ESIA Report Page 221 28.4.2 Effects of the Cascade on Hydrology Hydrological effects of the cascade, on the basis of the available information on the schemes u/s from Mt. Coffee, can only be estimated rather roughly. In the following Figure, the probable outcome is illustrated, whereby the following basic assumptions were made: � As a general rule for large storage reservoir on strongly seasonal rivers, water is being retained for filling the reservoir during the high flow (rainy) season; this water is then used for producing electricity during the low flow (dry) season. � This leads directly to a decrease of river flow d/s of the dam in the rainy season, and to an increase in the dry season. � According to the available information, Via reservoir (with the SP 4 extension), will provide regulating capacity for the entire cascade, while the other reservoirs, including Mt. Coffee, will be operated as ROR schemes. � The regulating effect of Via reservoir will be as described under the first bullet point: in the rainy season (June to November), a part of the high flows will be retained; enough water will be released to satisfy the requirements of the other plants in the cascade and the requirements of other water users, and there will also be some spilling. In the dry season, more water will be released than what is available under natural conditions. During this time, Via reservoir will be drawn down, to be filled again during the next rainy season. m³/s 1'800 1'600 1'400 1'200 1'000 800 600 400 200 0 River flow without and with Via Reservoir J F M A M J J A S O N D Figure 28-5: Effects of Via reservoir on river flows at Mt. Coffee MC w/o Via MC with Via Via w/o dam Via with dam The flow values in this graph should not be taken as exact values, but rather as a general illustration of the type of impact the large Via reservoir will have.
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Temperature - European Investment Bank

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