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ENVIRONMENT, hOUSING, ANd MANAGEMENT1Chmiel DJ, Noonan M. 1996. Preference of laboratory rats for potentially enriching stimulusobjects. Lab Anim 30:97-101.Clarence WM, Scott JP, Dorris MC, Paré M. 2006. Use of enclosures with functional verticalspace by captive rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) involved in biomedical research.JAALAS 45:31-34.Clough G. 1982. Environmental effects on animals used in biomedical research. Biol Rev57:487-523.Colman RJ, Anderson RM, Johnson SC, Kastman EK, Kosmatka KJ, Beasley TM, Allison DB,Cruzen C, Simmons HA, Kemnitz JW, Weindruch R. 2009. Caloric restriction delaysdisease onset and mortality in rhesus monkeys. Science 325:201-204.Compton SR, Homberger FR, MacArthur Clark J. 2004a. Microbiological monitoring in individuallyventilated cage systems. Lab Anim 33:36-41.Compton SR, Homberger FR, Paturzo FX, MacArthur Clark J. 2004b. Efficacy of three microbiologicalmonitoring methods in a ventilated cage rack. Comp Med 54:382-392.Conner DA. 2002. Mouse colony management. Curr Protoc Mol Biol 23.8.1-23.8.11, suppl 57.Conner DA. 2005. Transgenic mouse colony management. Curr Protoc Mol Biol 23.10.1-23.10.8, suppl 71.Corning BF, Lipman NS. 1991. A comparison of rodent caging system based on microenvironmentalparameters. Lab Anim Sci 41:498-503.Cramer DV. 1983. Genetic monitoring techniques in rats. ILAR News 26:15-19.Crippa L, Gobbi A, Ceruti RM. 2000. Ringtail in suckling Munich Wistar Frömter rats: A histopathologicstudy. Comp Med 50:536-539.Cunliffe-Beamer TL, Freeman LC, Myers DD. 1981. Barbiturate sleep time in mice exposed toautoclaved or unautoclaved wood beddings. Lab Anim Sci 31:672-675.Davidson LP, Chedester AL, Cole MN. 2007. Effects of cage density on behavior in young adultmice. Comp Med 57:355-359.De Boer SF, Koolhaas JM. 2003. Defensive burying in rodents: Ethology, neurobiology andpsychopharmacology. Eur J Pharmacol 463:145-161.De Veer MJ, Kemp JM, Meeusen ENT. 2007. The innate host defence against nematode parasites.Parasite Immunol 29:1-9.Denardo D. 1995. Amphibians as laboratory animals. ILAR J 37:173-181.DeTolla LJ, Sriniva S, Whitaker BR, Andrews C, Hecker B, Kane AS, Reimschuessel R. 1995.Guidelines for the care and use of fish in research. ILAR J 37:159-172.DHHS [Department of Health and Human Services]. 2009. Biosafety in Microbiological andBiomedical Laboratories, 5th ed. Chosewood LC, Wilson DE, eds. Washington: GovernmentPrinting Office. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/index.htm; accessed July 30, 2010.DiBerardinis L, Greenley P, Labosky M. 2009. Laboratory air changes: What is all the hot airabout? J Chem Health Safety 16:7-13.Donahue WA, VanGundy DN, Satterfield WC, Coghlan LJ. 1989. Solving a tough problem.Pest Control 57:46-50.Drescher B. 1993. The effects of housing systems for rabbits with special reference to ulcerativepododermatitis. Tierärztl Umschau 48:72-78.Duncan TE, O’Steen WK. 1985. The diurnal susceptibility of rat retinal photoreceptors to lightinduceddamage. Exp Eye Res 41:497-507.Dyke B. 1993. Basic data standards for primate colonies. Am J Primatol 29:125-143.Eadie JM, Mann SO. 1970. Development of the rumen microbial population: High starch dietsand instability. In: Phillipson AT, Annison EF, Armstrong DG, Balch CC, Comline RS,Hardy RN, Hobson PN, Keynes RD, eds. Physiology of Digestion and Metabolism in theRuminant. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium. Newcastle upon Tyne UK:FRS Oriel Press Ltd. p 335-347.
2GUIdE FOR ThE CARE ANd USE OF LAbORATORy ANIMALSEasterbrook JD, Kaplan JB, Glass GE, Watson J, Klein SL. 2008. A survey of rodent-bornepathogens carried by wild-caught Norway rats: A potential threat to laboratory rodentcolonies. Lab Anim 42:92-98.Ednie DL, Wilson RP, Lang CM. 1998. Comparison of two sanitation monitoring methods inan animal research facility. Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci 37:71-74.Erkert HG, Grober J. 1986. Direct modulation of activity and body temperature of owl monkeys(Aotus lemurinus griseimembra) by low light intensities. Folia Primatol 47:171-188.Eskola S, Lauhikari M, Voipio HM, Laitinen M, Nevalainen T. 1999. Environmental enrichmentmay alter the number of rats needed to achieve statistical significance. Scand J Lab AnimSci 26:134-144.FELASA [Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations] Working Group.2007. FELASA Guidelines for the production and nomenclature of transgenic rodents.Lab Anim 41:301-311.Festing MFW. 1979. Inbred Strains in Biomedical Research. London: Macmillan.Festing MFW. 1982. Genetic contamination of laboratory animal colonies: An increasinglyserious problem. ILAR News 25:6-10.Festing MFW. 2002. Laboratory animal genetics and genetic quality control. In: Hau J, VanHoosier GL Jr, eds. Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.p 173-203.Festing MFW, Kondo K, Loosli R, Poiley SM, Spiegel A. 1972. International standardized nomenclaturefor outbred stocks of laboratory animals. ICLA Bull 30:4-17.Fidler IJ. 1977. Depression of macrophages in mice drinking hyperchlorinated water. Nature270:735-736.Field K, Bailey M, Foresman LL, Harris RL, Motzel SL, Rockar RA, Ruble G, Suckow MA. 2007.Medical records for animals used in research, teaching and testing: Public statement fromthe American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine. ILAR J 48:37-41.Fisher JP. 2000. Facilities and husbandry (large fish model). In: Ostrander GK, ed. The LaboratoryFish. San Francisco: Academic Press. p 13-39.Fletcher JL. 1976. Influence of noise on animals. In: McSheehy T, ed. Control of the AnimalHouse Environment. Laboratory Animal Handbooks 7. London: Laboratory Animals Ltd.p 51-62.Fraile B, Paniagua R, Rodrigues MC, Saez J. 1989. Effects of photoperiod and temperatureon spermiogenesis in marbeled newts (Triturus marmoratus marmoratus). Copeia1989:357-363.Fullerton FR, Greenman DL, Kendall DC. 1982. Effects of storage conditions on nutritional qualitiesof semipurified (AIN-76) and natural ingredient (NIH-07) diets. J Nutr 112:567-573.Fullerton PM, Gilliatt RW. 1967. Pressure neuropathy in the hind foot of the guinea pig. JNeurol Neurosurg Psychiat 30:18-25.Garg RC, Donahue WA. 1989. Pharmacologic profile of methoprene, an insect growth regulator,in cattle, dogs, and cats. JAVMA 194:410-412.Garner JP. 2005. Stereotypies and other abnormal repetitive behaviors: Potential impact onvalidity, reliability, and replicability of scientific outcomes. ILAR J 46:106-117.Garrard G, Harrison GA, Weiner JS. 1974. Reproduction and survival of mice at 23ºC. J ReprodFert 37:287-298.Gärtner K. 1999. Cage enrichment occasionally increases deviation of quantitative traits. In:Proc Int Joint Mtg 12th ICLAS General Assembly and Conference and 7th FELASA Symposium.p 207-210.Gaskill BN, Rohr SA, Pajor EA, Lucas JR, Garner JP. 2009. Some like it hot: Mouse temperaturepreferences in laboratory housing. Appl Anim Behav Sci 116:279-285.Geber WF, Anderson TA, Van Dyne B. 1966. Physiologic responses of the albino rat to chronicnoise stress. Arch Environ Health 12:751-754.
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GUIDEFOR THE CARE AND USE OFLABORAT
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The National Academy of Sciences is
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MembersINSTITUTE FOR LAbORATORy ANI
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INSTITUTE FOR LAbORATORy ANIMAL RES
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ReviewersThis eighth edition of the
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PrefaceThe purpose of the Guide for
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PREFACExwho soon recognized that th
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xiiiOVERVIEWing the growing role of
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Contents1 KEy CONCEPTS 1Applicabili
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CONTENTSxxiiiAquatic Management, 84
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CONTENTSxxSpecies-Specific Referenc
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2 GUIdE FOR ThE CARE ANd USE OF LAb
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2Animal Care and Use ProgramThe pro
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 13of li
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 15ers a
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM1used (C
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM1severit
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 21Insti
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 23et al
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 25compe
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM2Special
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM2help to
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 31least
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 33disea
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 35DISAS
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM3DHHS [D
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM3Olfert
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Page 132 and 133: 4Veterinary CareVeterinary care is
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156 AddENdUM4. Page 32. Original se
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Appendices
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appendixBU.S. Government Principles
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appendixCStatement of TaskThe use o
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appendixDAbout the AuthorsJanet C.
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APPENdIX d: AbOUT ThE AUThORS 205of
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APPENdIX d: AbOUT ThE AUThORS20Amer
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IndexAAcclimation and adaptation, 1
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INdEX 211Behavioral and social mana
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INdEX 213Disinfection, 20, 51, 52,
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INdEX 215Hydrogen peroxide, 72Hygie
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INdEXrecommended reading, 169-170re
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INdEX21pain and distress, 121-122re
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