Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals - Office of ...

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INdEX21pain and distress, 121-122recommended reading, 184-187,194-196social stress, 53space requirements, xviii, 56-58, 156temperature and humidity, 43, 45thermoneutral zone, 43oversight, 34postoperative care, 44, 119-120presurgical planning, 116procedures, 117-118recommended reading, 188-190training. 115-116Swine, 49, 53, 60, 62, 112, 136SSanitationaquatic species, 85-86assessing effectiveness of, 72-73bedding/substrate change, 70defined, 69-70facilities for sanitizing materials, 143macroenvironment, 72-73microenvironment, 70-72Secondary enclosures, 42, 43, 45-46, 47, 78(see also Macroenvironment)Security, 23, 55, 151 (see also Biosecurity)Separation of animals by health status andspecies, 111-112Sheep, 62, 64, 111, 156, 176-177, 191-192Simian hemorrhagic fever, 111-112Simian immunodeficiency virus, 111-112Social environment, xviii, 51, 53, 64, 82-83,121 (see also Behavioral and socialmanagement; Enrichment; Housing)Space requirementsagricultural animals, 60-63aquatic species, 83general considerations, 55-56IACUC review, 56laboratory rodents, xviii, 56-58“minimum,” xviiinonhuman primates, 58-61other common species (dogs, cats,rabbits; pigeons, quail, chickens), 58,59, 60rabbits, xviiiSpecific pathogen-free animals, 72, 108,113, 135, 136, 145-146Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), 112Statement of task, xix, 201-202Storage areas, 141-142Surgeryaseptic technique, 17, 34, 115, 116, 117,118-119, 144facilities, 116-117, 144-145intraoperative monitoring, 119multiple survival procedures, 30TTamarins (Saguinus oedipus), 112Temperature and humidityaquatic species, 41-42, 80-81HVAC systems and, 139-140terrestrial species, 43-45Terrestrial speciesactivity, 63-64bedding and nesting materials, 68-69behavioral and social management,83-85breeding, genetics, and nomenclature,75-76emergency, weekend, and holiday care,74-75enrichment, 52-54environment, 42-50food and feeding, 65-67housing, 50-63husbandry, 65-75identification, 75illumination, 47-49macroenvironment, 42management, 63-77microenvironment, 42, 50-52noise and vibration, 49-50pest control, 74population management, 75-77procedural habituation and training,64-65recordkeeping, 75-76social environment, 64space requirements, 55-63temperature and humidity, 43-45ventilation and air quality, 45-47waste disposal, 73-74water, 67-68Tetanus, 22Thermoneutral zone, 43, 156Three Rs (replacement, reduction, andrefinement), xvii, 3, 4-5, 17, 201Toxicology research, 27Toxins (see Biologic agents and hazards)
220 INdEXTraining and education, 20, 115-116animal care personnel and technicians,16, 50, 78aquatic systems, 78emergency preparedness, 35IACUC members, 17IACUC oversight of, 15noise reduction, 50postapproval review as, 34recommended reading, 168-169research team, 16-17U.S. Government Principles, 12,199-200veterinary and other professional staff,15-16Transportation of animals, 12, 14, 32, 105,107-109, 110, 111, 134, 135, 147,150, 156, 188, 199Trauma research, 27Tuberculosis, 23, 112Tumor models/studies, 27, 34UUnexpected outcomes, 28-29, 34US Department of Agriculture, 19, 30, 107,148, 157US Fish and Wildlife Service, 106, 107, 157U.S. Government Principles for theUtilization and Care of VertebrateAnimals Used in Testing, Research,and Training, 4, 12, 199-200Uses and users of the Guide, 4-5VVaccine challenges/studies, 27Ventilation and airflow (see also Air quality)aquatic species, 80-81containment of hazardous agents, 21, 47filtered, 47for static isolation caging, 47HVAC system, 46, 47, 139-140individually ventilated cages, 44, 46, 50,58, 70-71, 111, 141, 146preventive maintenance and evaluation,47recommended reading, 196-197recycling air, 46-47terrestrial species, 43, 45-47Veterinary care (see also Clinical care andmanagement; Preventive medicine;Surgery)anesthesia and analgesia, 121-123euthanasia, 123-124pain and distress, 120-121principles, 12procurement of animals, 106-107recommended reading, 188-196responsibilities of attending veterinarian,14training and education of professionalstaff, 15-16transportation of animals, 12, 32, 33, 55,107-109, 156, 195Vibration (see Noise and vibration)WWalls and ceilings, 138-139Waste management (see also Sanitation)anesthetic gases, 21, 147disposal options, 73-74drainage, 54, 138flushing, 72gases from primary enclosures, 46hazardous materials, 20, 73-74, 148-149soiled bedding, 85, 143storage before incineration or removal,136, 142training, 20, 74wastewater, 80, 87Water/fluidsdevices and delivery systems, 68outdoor sources, 68quality for aquatic species, 78-79, 85regulated, 30-31terrestrial species, 67-68Windows, exterior, 137Xenopus spp., 79-80, 83, 88, 178-179,192-193Zebrafish, 79, 83Zoonosis surveillance, 23, 32, 110xZ
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GUIDEFOR THE CARE AND USE OFLABORAT
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The National Academy of Sciences is
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MembersINSTITUTE FOR LAbORATORy ANI
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INSTITUTE FOR LAbORATORy ANIMAL RES
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ReviewersThis eighth edition of the
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PrefaceThe purpose of the Guide for
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PREFACExwho soon recognized that th
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xiiiOVERVIEWing the growing role of
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Contents1 KEy CONCEPTS 1Applicabili
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CONTENTSxxiiiAquatic Management, 84
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CONTENTSxxSpecies-Specific Referenc
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2 GUIdE FOR ThE CARE ANd USE OF LAb
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2Animal Care and Use ProgramThe pro
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 13of li
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 15ers a
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM1used (C
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 21Insti
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 25compe
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 31least
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 33disea
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3Environment, Housing,and Managemen
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4Veterinary CareVeterinary care is
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VETERINARy CARE10from these sources
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VETERINARy CARE10In all cases, appr
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VETERINARy CARE 111Depending on the
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VETERINARy CARE 113and serology. If
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VETERINARy CARE 115RecordkeepingMed
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VETERINARy CARE11traffic (AORN 2006
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VETERINARy CARE11Specific steriliza
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VETERINARy CARE 121(all), anorexia
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VETERINARy CARE 123used in combinat
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VETERINARy CARE 125Arndt SS, Lohave
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VETERINARy CARE12Haines DC, Gorelic
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VETERINARy CARE12Morton CM, Reid J,
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VETERINARy CARE 131Stoskopf MK. 199
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Appendices
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Page 236 and 237: IndexAAcclimation and adaptation, 1
Page 238 and 239: INdEX 211Behavioral and social mana
Page 240 and 241: INdEX 213Disinfection, 20, 51, 52,
Page 242 and 243: INdEX 215Hydrogen peroxide, 72Hygie
Page 244 and 245: INdEXrecommended reading, 169-170re
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