Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals - Office of ...

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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 23et al. 2002). PPE should be used to supplement, not replace, engineeringor process controls (Harrison 2001; Reeb-Whitaker et al. 1999). If PPE forrespiratory protection is necessary, appropriate fit testing and training shouldbe provided.Zoonosis surveillance should be a part of an OHSP (DHHS 2009; NRC1997). Personnel should be instructed to notify their supervisors of potentialor known exposures and of suspected health hazards and illnesses. Nonhumanprimate diseases that are transmissible to humans can be serious hazards(NRC 2003a). Animal technicians, veterinarians, investigators, students,research technicians, maintenance workers, and others who have contactwith nonhuman primates or their tissues and body fluids or who have dutiesin nonhuman primate housing areas should be routinely screened for tuberculosis.Because of the potential for exposure to Macacine herpesirus 1 (formerlyCercopithecine herpesirus 1 or Herpes B virus), personnel who workwith or handle biologic samples (blood and tissues) from macaques shouldhave access to and be instructed in the use of bite and scratch emergency carestations (Cohen et al. 2002). Injuries associated with macaques, their tissuesor body fluids, or caging and equipment with which the animals have haddirect contact, should be carefully evaluated and appropriate postexposuretreatment and follow-up implemented (ibid.; NRC 2003a).Clear procedures should be established for reporting all accidents, bites,scratches, and allergic reactions (NRC 1997), and medical care for suchincidents should be readily available (Cohen et al. 2002; DHHS 2009).Personnel SecurityWhile contingency plans normally address natural disasters, they shouldalso take into account the threats that criminal activities such as personnelharassment and assault, facility trespassing, arson, and vandalism poseto laboratory animals, research personnel, equipment and facilities, andbiomedical research at the institution. Preventive measures should be considered,including preemployment screening and physical and informationtechnology security (Miller 2007).Inestigating and Reporting Animal Welfare ConcernsSafeguarding animal welfare is the responsibility of every individualassociated with the Program. The institution must develop methods forreporting and investigating animal welfare concerns, and employees shouldbe aware of the importance of and mechanisms for reporting animal welfareconcerns. In the United States, responsibility for review and investigationof these concerns rests with the IO and the IACUC. Response tosuch reports should include communication of findings to the concerned
24 GUIdE FOR ThE CARE ANd USE OF LAbORATORy ANIMALSemployee(s), unless such concerns are reported anonymously; correctiveactions if deemed necessary; and a report to the IO of the issue, findings,and actions taken. Reported concerns and any corrective actions takenshould be documented.Mechanisms for reporting concerns should be posted in prominentlocations in the facility and on applicable institutional website(s) withinstructions on how to report the concern and to whom. Multiple pointsof contact, including senior management, the IO, IACUC Chair, and AV,are recommended. The process should include a mechanism for anonymity,compliance with applicable whistleblower policies, nondiscriminationagainst the concerned/reporting party, and protection from reprisals.Training and regular communication with employees (including personnelsuch as custodial, maintenance, and administrative staff, who are fartherremoved from the animal use) about the institution’s animal use activitiesmay reduce potential concerns.IACUC Constitution and FunctionPROGRAM OVERSIGHTThe Role of the IACUCThe responsibility of the IACUC is to oversee and routinely evaluate theProgram. It is the institution’s responsibility to provide suitable orientation,background materials, access to appropriate resources, and, if necessary,specific training to assist IACUC members in understanding their roles andresponsibilities and evaluating issues brought before the committee.Committee membership includes the following:• a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine either certified (e.g., by ACLAM,ECLAM, JCLAM, KCLAM) or with training and experience in laboratoryanimal science and medicine or in the use of the species atthe institution• at least one practicing scientist experienced in research involvinganimals• at least one member from a nonscientific background, drawn frominside or outside the institution• at least one public member to represent general community interestsin the proper care and use of animals.Public members should not be laboratory animal users, affiliated inany way with the institution, or members of the immediate family of a personwho is affiliated with the institution. The public member may receive
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4Veterinary CareVeterinary care is
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VETERINARy CARE10from these sources
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VETERINARy CARE10In all cases, appr
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VETERINARy CARE 111Depending on the
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VETERINARy CARE 113and serology. If
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VETERINARy CARE 115RecordkeepingMed
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VETERINARy CARE11traffic (AORN 2006
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VETERINARy CARE11Specific steriliza
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VETERINARy CARE 121(all), anorexia
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VETERINARy CARE 123used in combinat
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VETERINARy CARE 125Arndt SS, Lohave
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VETERINARy CARE12Haines DC, Gorelic
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VETERINARy CARE12Morton CM, Reid J,
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VETERINARy CARE 131Stoskopf MK. 199
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156 AddENdUM4. Page 32. Original se
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Appendices
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appendixBU.S. Government Principles
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appendixCStatement of TaskThe use o
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appendixDAbout the AuthorsJanet C.
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APPENdIX d: AbOUT ThE AUThORS 205of
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APPENdIX d: AbOUT ThE AUThORS20Amer
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IndexAAcclimation and adaptation, 1
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INdEX 211Behavioral and social mana
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INdEX 213Disinfection, 20, 51, 52,
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INdEX 215Hydrogen peroxide, 72Hygie
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INdEXrecommended reading, 169-170re
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INdEX21pain and distress, 121-122re
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