Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals - Office of ...

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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 13of literature related to animal science and use of animals is constantlyevolving, requiring Programs to remain current with the information andbest practices.PROGRAM MANAGEMENTAn effective Program requires clearly defined roles that align responsibilitywith regulatory and management authority. US federal law createsa statutory basis for the institutional official (IO), the attending eterinarian(AV), and the institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC). TheGuide endorses these concepts as important operating principles for all USand non-US animal care and use programs. Effective leadership in and collaborationamong these three components, which not only oversee but alsosupport animal users, are necessary (Lowman 2008; Van Sluyters 2008). Inaddition, interactions with regulatory and funding agencies and accreditationorganizations are an integral part of the Program.As summarized here and discussed throughout the Guide, the primaryoversight responsibilities in the Program rest with the IO, the AV, and theIACUC. Their roles fit in a defined organizational structure where thereporting relationships, authorities, and responsibilities of each are clearlydefined and transparent. Together they establish policies and procedures,ensure regulatory compliance, monitor Program performance, and supporthigh-quality science and humane animal use. A Program that includes theseelements and establishes a balance among them has the best chance of efficientlyusing resources while attaining the highest standards of animal wellbeingand scientific quality (Bayne and Garnett 2008; Van Sluyters 2008).The Institutional OfficialProgram Management ResponsibilityThe institutional official (IO) bears ultimate responsibility for the Program,although overall Program direction should be a shared responsibilityamong the IO, AV, and IACUC. TheIO has the authority to allocate theresources needed to ensure the Program’soverall effectiveness. Programneeds should be clearly and regularlycommunicated to the IO by the AV,the IACUC, and others associatedwith the Program (e.g., facilities managementstaff, occupational healthand safety personnel, scientists). As aInstitutional official: The individualwho, as a representativeof senior administration, bearsultimate responsibility for theProgram and is responsible forresource planning and ensuringalignment of Program goals withthe institution’s mission.
14 GUIdE FOR ThE CARE ANd USE OF LAbORATORy ANIMALSrepresentative of senior administration, the IO is responsible for resourceplanning and ensuring the alignment of Program goals of quality animalcare and use with the institution’s mission.The Attending VeterinarianThe attending eterinarian (AV) is responsible for the health and wellbeingof all laboratory animals used at the institution. The institution mustprovide the AV with sufficient authority, including access to all animals,and resources to manage the programAttending veterinarian: Theveterinarian responsible forthe health and well-being of alllaboratory animals used at theinstitution.of veterinary care. The AV shouldoversee other aspects of animal careand use (e.g., husbandry, housing)to ensure that the Program complieswith the Guide.Institutional mission, programmaticgoals, including the nature ofanimal use at the institution, and Program size will determine whether fulltime,part-time, or consultative veterinary services are needed. If a full-timeveterinarian is not available on site, a consulting or part-time veterinarianshould be available in visits at intervals appropriate to programmatic needs.In such instances, there must be an individual with assigned responsibilityfor daily animal care and use and facility management. While institutionswith large animal care and use programs may employ multiple veterinarians,the management of veterinary medicine, animal care, and facilityoperations by a single administrative unit is often an efficient mechanismto administer all aspects of the Program.The Guide endorses the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine’s(ACLAM) “Guidelines for Adequate Veterinary Care” (ACLAM 1996).These guidelines include veterinary access to all animals and their medicalrecords, regular veterinary visits to facilities where animals are or may behoused or used, provisions for appropriate and competent clinical, preventive,and emergency veterinary care, and a system for legal animal procurementand transportation. Other responsibilities of the AV are outlined in theProgram Oversight section below and in later chapters. For a Program towork effectively, there should be clear and regular communication betweenthe AV and the IACUC.The Institutional Animal Care and Use CommitteeThe IACUC (or institutional equivalent) is responsible for assessmentand oversight of the institution’s Program components and facilities. Itshould have sufficient authority and resources (e.g., staff, training, comput-
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4Veterinary CareVeterinary care is
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VETERINARy CARE10from these sources
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VETERINARy CARE 111Depending on the
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VETERINARy CARE 113and serology. If
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VETERINARy CARE11traffic (AORN 2006
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VETERINARy CARE11Specific steriliza
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VETERINARy CARE 121(all), anorexia
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VETERINARy CARE 123used in combinat
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VETERINARy CARE 125Arndt SS, Lohave
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VETERINARy CARE12Haines DC, Gorelic
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VETERINARy CARE12Morton CM, Reid J,
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VETERINARy CARE 131Stoskopf MK. 199
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156 AddENdUM4. Page 32. Original se
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Appendices
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appendixBU.S. Government Principles
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appendixCStatement of TaskThe use o
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appendixDAbout the AuthorsJanet C.
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APPENdIX d: AbOUT ThE AUThORS 205of
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APPENdIX d: AbOUT ThE AUThORS20Amer
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IndexAAcclimation and adaptation, 1
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INdEX 211Behavioral and social mana
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INdEX 213Disinfection, 20, 51, 52,
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INdEX 215Hydrogen peroxide, 72Hygie
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INdEXrecommended reading, 169-170re
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INdEX21pain and distress, 121-122re
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