Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals - Office of ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

KEy CONCEPTS 3important to keep in mind that the Guide is intended to provide informationto assist researchers, institutional animal care and use committees (IACUCs),veterinarians, and other stakeholders in ensuring the implementation ofeffective and appropriate animal care and use programs that are based onhumane care. Throughout the Guide, scientists and institutions are encouragedto give careful and deliberate thought to the decision to use animals,taking into consideration the contribution that such use will make to newknowledge, ethical concerns, and the availability of alternatives to animaluse (NRC 1992). A practical strategy for decision making, the “Three Rs”(Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) approach, is discussed in moredetail below. Institutions should use the recommendations in the Guide asa foundation for the development of a comprehensive animal care and useprogram and a process for continually improving this program.INTENDED AUDIENCES AND USES OF THE GuideThe Guide is intended for a wide and diverse audience, including• the scientific community• administrators• IACUCs• veterinarians• educators and trainers• producers of laboratory animals• accreditation bodies• regulators• the public.The Guide is meant to be read by the user in its entirety, as there aremany concepts throughout that may be helpful. Individual sections willbe particularly relevant to certain users, and it is expected that the readerwill explore in more detail the references provided (including those inAppendix A) on topics of interest.Members of the scientific community (investigators and other animalusers) will find Chapters 1 and 2 (and portions of Chapter 4) of the Guideuseful for their interactions with the IACUC, attending veterinarian, andadministrators regarding animal care as well as the preparation of animalcare and use protocols. Scientific review committees and journal editorsmay choose to refer to multiple sections of the Guide to determine whetherscientists contributing proposals and manuscripts have met the appropriatestandards in their planned use of animals. The Guide can assist IACUCsand administrators in protocol review, assessment, and oversight of an animalcare and use program. Veterinarians should find Chapters 3 through 5
4 GUIdE FOR ThE CARE ANd USE OF LAbORATORy ANIMALSvaluable for their oversight and support of animal care and use. Educatorsand trainers can use the Guide as a document to assess both the scope andadequacy of training programs supported by the institution. Accreditationbodies will find the Guide useful for evaluating many areas of animal careand use programs not subject to strict engineering standards (see definitionbelow). Finally, members of the public should feel assured that adherenceto the Guide will ensure humane care and use of laboratory animals.Readers are reminded that the Guide is used by a diverse group ofnational and international institutions and organizations, many of which arecovered by neither the Animal Welfare Act nor the PHS Policy. The Guideuses some terminology that is both defined by US statute and denotes ageneral concept (e.g., “attending veterinarian,” “adequate veterinary care,”and “institutional official”). Even if these terms are not consistent with thoseused by non-US institutions, the underlying principles can still be applied.In all instances where Guide recommendations are different from applicablelegal or policy requirements, the higher standard should apply.ETHICS AND ANIMAL USEThe decision to use animals in research requires critical thought, judgment,and analysis. Using animals in research is a privilege granted by societyto the research community with the expectation that such use will provideeither significant new knowledge or lead to improvement in human and/oranimal well-being (McCarthy 1999; Perry 2007). It is a trust that mandatesresponsible and humane care and use of these animals. The Guide endorsesthe responsibilities of investigators as stated in the U.S. Goernment Principlesfor Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing, Research, andTraining (IRAC 1985; see Appendix B). These principles direct the researchcommunity to accept responsibility for the care and use of animals during allphases of the research effort. Other government agencies and professionalorganizations have published similar principles (NASA 2008; NCB 2005; NIH2006, 2007; for additional references see Appendix A). Ethical considerationsdiscussed here and in other sections of the Guide should serve as a startingpoint; readers are encouraged to go beyond these provisions. In certain situations,special considerations will arise during protocol review and planning;several of these situations are discussed in more detail in Chapter 2.THE THREE RsThe Three Rs represent a practical method for implementation of the principlesdescribed above. In 1959, W.M.S. Russell and R.L. Burch publisheda practical strategy of replacement, refinement, and reduction—referred toas the Three Rs—for researchers to apply when considering experimental
Page 2 and 3: GUIDEFOR THE CARE AND USE OFLABORAT
Page 4: The National Academy of Sciences is
Page 7 and 8: MembersINSTITUTE FOR LAbORATORy ANI
Page 9 and 10: INSTITUTE FOR LAbORATORy ANIMAL RES
Page 12 and 13: ReviewersThis eighth edition of the
Page 14 and 15: PrefaceThe purpose of the Guide for
Page 16: PREFACExwho soon recognized that th
Page 19 and 20: xiiiOVERVIEWing the growing role of
Page 22 and 23: Contents1 KEy CONCEPTS 1Applicabili
Page 24 and 25: CONTENTSxxiiiAquatic Management, 84
Page 26: CONTENTSxxSpecies-Specific Referenc
Page 29: 2 GUIdE FOR ThE CARE ANd USE OF LAb
Page 33 and 34: 6 GUIdE FOR ThE CARE ANd USE OF LAb
Page 35 and 36: 8 GUIdE FOR ThE CARE ANd USE OF LAb
Page 38 and 39: 2Animal Care and Use ProgramThe pro
Page 40 and 41: ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 13of li
Page 42 and 43: ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 15ers a
Page 44 and 45: ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM1used (C
Page 46 and 47: ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM1severit
Page 48 and 49: ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 21Insti
Page 50 and 51: ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 23et al
Page 52 and 53: ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 25compe
Page 54 and 55: ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM2Special
Page 56 and 57: ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM2help to
Page 58 and 59: ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 31least
Page 60 and 61: ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 33disea
Page 62 and 63: ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 35DISAS
Page 64 and 65: ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM3DHHS [D
Page 66 and 67: ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM3Olfert
Page 68 and 69: 3Environment, Housing,and Managemen
Page 70 and 71: ENVIRONMENT, hOUSING, ANd MANAGEMEN
Page 80 and 81:
ENVIRONMENT, hOUSING, ANd MANAGEMEN
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106:
Page 109 and 110:
82 GUIdE FOR ThE CARE ANd USE OF LA
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
0GUIdE FOR ThE CARE ANd USE OF LAbO
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
100 GUIdE FOR ThE CARE ANd USE OF L
Page 129 and 130:
Page 132 and 133:
4Veterinary CareVeterinary care is
Page 134 and 135:
VETERINARy CARE10from these sources
Page 136 and 137:
VETERINARy CARE10In all cases, appr
Page 138 and 139:
VETERINARy CARE 111Depending on the
Page 140 and 141:
VETERINARy CARE 113and serology. If
Page 142 and 143:
VETERINARy CARE 115RecordkeepingMed
Page 144 and 145:
VETERINARy CARE11traffic (AORN 2006
Page 146 and 147:
VETERINARy CARE11Specific steriliza
Page 148 and 149:
VETERINARy CARE 121(all), anorexia
Page 150 and 151:
VETERINARy CARE 123used in combinat
Page 152 and 153:
VETERINARy CARE 125Arndt SS, Lohave
Page 154 and 155:
VETERINARy CARE12Haines DC, Gorelic
Page 156 and 157:
VETERINARy CARE12Morton CM, Reid J,
Page 158:
VETERINARy CARE 131Stoskopf MK. 199
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
156 AddENdUM4. Page 32. Original se
Page 186:
Appendices
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
10GUIdE FOR ThE CARE ANd USE OF LAb
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 226 and 227:
appendixBU.S. Government Principles
Page 228 and 229:
appendixCStatement of TaskThe use o
Page 230 and 231:
appendixDAbout the AuthorsJanet C.
Page 232 and 233:
APPENdIX d: AbOUT ThE AUThORS 205of
Page 234 and 235:
APPENdIX d: AbOUT ThE AUThORS20Amer
Page 236 and 237:
IndexAAcclimation and adaptation, 1
Page 238 and 239:
INdEX 211Behavioral and social mana
Page 240 and 241:
INdEX 213Disinfection, 20, 51, 52,
Page 242 and 243:
INdEX 215Hydrogen peroxide, 72Hygie
Page 244 and 245:
INdEXrecommended reading, 169-170re
Page 246 and 247:
INdEX21pain and distress, 121-122re
show all

Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals - Office of ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?